Art criticism aims to provide a deeper understanding of an artwork by examining its content, form, and context, and exploring its historical, cultural, and aesthetic significance.

While formal analysis, iconographic analysis, and psychoanalytic analysis are widely used approaches in art criticism, Marxist analysis is not typically considered a common approach.

Contextual analysis examines the artwork in relation to its historical, social, political, and cultural context, exploring how these factors influence its meaning and interpretation.

Clement Greenberg is an influential art critic who developed the theory of 'significant form', which emphasizes the importance of the formal qualities of an artwork, such as its composition, color, and texture, in determining its aesthetic value.

Iconographic analysis focuses on identifying and interpreting the symbols, allegories, and other representational elements present in an artwork, exploring their cultural and historical significance.

Roland Barthes is a prominent art critic and literary theorist who developed the theory of 'the death of the author', which argues that the meaning of a text or artwork is not determined by the author's intention, but rather by the interpretations and experiences of the audience.

Reception theory examines how an artwork is received and interpreted by its audience, exploring the ways in which the audience's cultural, historical, and personal experiences shape their understanding of the artwork.

Edmund Burke is an influential philosopher and art critic who developed the theory of 'the sublime', which explores the aesthetic experience of awe and wonder evoked by certain artworks and natural phenomena.

Marxist analysis examines the artwork in relation to its social and political context, exploring how economic and class structures influence the production, reception, and interpretation of art.

Laura Mulvey is a feminist art critic and film theorist who developed the theory of 'the gaze', which examines the power dynamics and gender relations embedded in the act of looking at and representing the human body in art and media.

Material analysis examines the physical materials and techniques used in the creation of an artwork, exploring how these materials and techniques contribute to its meaning and significance.

Jean-François Lyotard is a prominent philosopher and art critic who developed the theory of 'the postmodern condition', which explores the cultural and intellectual shifts that have occurred in the late 20th century, characterized by fragmentation, diversity, and the questioning of traditional notions of truth and reality.

Contextual analysis examines the artwork in relation to its historical, social, political, and cultural context, exploring how these factors influence its meaning and interpretation.

Jean Baudrillard is a French philosopher and cultural theorist who developed the theory of 'the simulacrum', which explores the blurring of boundaries between reality and representation, and the proliferation of simulacra, or copies without an original, in contemporary culture.

Reception theory examines how an artwork is received and interpreted by its audience, exploring the ways in which the audience's cultural, historical, and personal experiences shape their understanding of the artwork.