Antibiotics work by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. They do this by interfering with essential bacterial processes, such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and nucleic acid synthesis. Stimulation of the immune system is not a mechanism of action for antibiotics.

Beta-lactams are a class of antibiotics that contain a beta-lactam ring in their chemical structure. Penicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.

Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that contain a macrolide ring in their chemical structure. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.

Tetracyclines are a class of antibiotics that contain a tetracycline ring in their chemical structure. Tetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.

Glycopeptides are a class of antibiotics that contain a glycopeptide ring in their chemical structure. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria. Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections.

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are antibiotics that are effective against a narrow range of bacteria. Penicillin is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that is used to treat a narrow range of bacterial infections.

Vancomycin is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Penicillin is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, including pneumonia and meningitis.

Tetracycline is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Escherichia coli, including urinary tract infections and gastrointestinal infections.

Vancomycin is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including pneumonia and urinary tract infections.

Isoniazid is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including tuberculosis.

Azithromycin is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, including chlamydia and trachoma.

Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhea, including gonorrhea and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Doxycycline is an antibiotic that is used to treat infections caused by Treponema pallidum, including syphilis and Lyme disease.