The Nyaya school, founded by Gautama, is renowned for its systematic approach to logic and its emphasis on reasoning and argumentation.

Anumana, or inference, is a fundamental concept in Nyaya logic that involves drawing a conclusion from a set of premises.

The Nyaya school recognizes 16 types of fallacies, known as Hetvabhasas, which are errors in reasoning that can lead to incorrect conclusions.

Ad Hominem, which involves attacking the person making an argument rather than the argument itself, is not a fallacy specifically identified by the Nyaya school.

Nyaya logic plays a multifaceted role in the political sphere, offering a framework for evaluating arguments, resolving disputes, and guiding decision-making.

Uddyotakara, a prominent Nyaya philosopher, explored the concept of Dharma and its relationship to political authority and justice.

In Nyaya logic, the primary goal of political authority is to maintain social order and harmony, ensuring the well-being of the community.

Nyaya political thought emphasizes the moral responsibility of the ruler to act in the best interests of the subjects, promoting their welfare and upholding justice.

Vatsyayana, a renowned Nyaya philosopher, advocated for a council of ministers to assist the king in decision-making, ensuring a more just and effective governance.

Nyaya logic contributes to the concept of justice by providing a framework for fair outcomes, emphasizing adherence to laws, and promoting the equal consideration of all citizens' welfare.

Gautama, the founder of the Nyaya school, is credited with developing the Nyaya-Darshana, a comprehensive philosophical system that encompasses logic, epistemology, and political thought.

Nyaya logic addresses political rights and responsibilities by highlighting individual liberty, outlining citizens' duties, and providing a framework for balancing these aspects.

Nyaya political thought recognizes public opinion as a valuable source of feedback for rulers, allowing them to gauge the needs and concerns of the people.

Uddyotakara, a prominent Nyaya philosopher, emphasized that the king is not above the law and must adhere to it like any other citizen.

Nyaya logic addresses the relationship between religion and politics by discussing the separation of these spheres, the role of religious values in governance, and the resolution of conflicts between religious and political authorities.