Penetration pricing is not commonly used in fashion retailing as it involves setting a low price initially to attract customers, and then raising the price over time. This strategy is more commonly used in other industries, such as technology.

The primary objective of markdown management in fashion retailing is to reduce inventory levels by selling unsold merchandise at a discounted price.

Customer demand is not a factor to consider when determining the initial markup for a fashion product. The other factors, such as cost of goods sold, target profit margin, and competitive pricing, are all important considerations.

All of the above statements are true. Markdowns are typically smaller than clearance sales, clearance sales are typically held at the end of a season, and markdowns are typically used to move unsold merchandise.

Markdown by date is not a common type of markdown strategy. The other options, such as across-the-board markdown, category markdown, and item-specific markdown, are all common types of markdown strategies.

The primary objective of a markdown optimization strategy is to maximize profits by finding the optimal markdown price for each product.

Markdown automation is not a common markdown optimization technique. The other options, such as markdown testing, markdown analytics, and markdown forecasting, are all common markdown optimization techniques.

None of the above statements are true. Planned markdowns and unplanned markdowns are both used to reduce inventory levels, and they can be of any size. Planned markdowns are typically used for items that are not selling as well as expected, while unplanned markdowns are typically used for items that are not selling at all.

Cost-plus pricing is not a common markdown pricing strategy. The other options, such as value-based pricing, penetration pricing, and markdown pricing, are all common markdown pricing strategies.

The primary objective of a markdown clearance sale is to reduce inventory levels by selling unsold merchandise at a deep discount.

Markdown by date clearance sale is not a common type of markdown clearance sale. The other options, such as store-wide clearance sale, category clearance sale, and item-specific clearance sale, are all common types of markdown clearance sales.

None of the above statements are true. Markdown events and markdown promotions are both used to reduce inventory levels, and they can be of any size. Markdown events are typically held for a shorter period of time than markdown promotions.

Markdown by date event is not a common markdown event. The other options, such as Black Friday, Cyber Monday, and End of season sale, are all common markdown events.

The primary objective of a markdown optimization strategy is to maximize profits by finding the optimal markdown price for each product.

Markdown automation is not a common markdown optimization technique. The other options, such as markdown testing, markdown analytics, and markdown forecasting, are all common markdown optimization techniques.