The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century.

Coal was the primary source of energy used to power factories and machines during the Industrial Revolution.

The spinning jenny was a machine that allowed one person to spin multiple threads at once, greatly increasing the efficiency of textile production.

The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the first inter-city railway line in the world, opening in 1830.

Japan underwent a rapid industrialization process during the Meiji Restoration, transforming itself from a feudal society to a modern industrialized nation.

Alexander Hamilton implemented a policy of protectionism in the United States, aimed at promoting domestic industries and reducing reliance on imports.

Russia experienced significant industrial growth under the rule of Peter the Great, who introduced Western technologies and encouraged domestic production.

Luddism was a movement that opposed the introduction of machinery and automation in the workplace, fearing job losses and social disruption.

Germany experienced rapid industrialization during the 19th century, becoming a major economic power and rivaling Great Britain.

Laissez-faire is an economic theory that advocates for free trade and minimal government intervention in the economy.

The United States experienced significant industrial growth during the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, particularly in the areas of manufacturing and transportation.

Otto von Bismarck implemented a policy of state socialism in Germany, aimed at improving the welfare of workers and reducing social unrest.

Japan experienced a rapid industrialization process during the Meiji Restoration, transforming itself from a feudal society to a modern industrialized nation.

Alexander Hamilton implemented a policy of protectionism in the United States, aimed at promoting domestic industries and reducing reliance on imports.

Russia experienced significant industrial growth under the rule of Peter the Great, who introduced Western technologies and encouraged domestic production.