Hinduism, with its roots in the Indus Valley Civilization, is widely regarded as the oldest living religion in the world.

Monotheistic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, believe in the existence of a single, all-powerful God.

The Torah, also known as the Hebrew Bible, is considered sacred by both Jews and Christians, as it contains the foundational teachings and laws of their respective faiths.

The concept of 'karma,' which refers to the belief that one's actions in this life determine their fate in the next, is primarily associated with Hinduism and Buddhism.

Islam, founded by the prophet Muhammad, originated in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century and has since become one of the world's major religions.

The Quran, revealed to the prophet Muhammad, is considered the central religious text of Islam and contains the teachings and guidance for Muslims.

Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, places a strong emphasis on meditation and mindfulness as a path to spiritual enlightenment and liberation from suffering.

The concept of 'nirvana,' which refers to the state of liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth, is primarily associated with Buddhism.

Zoroastrianism, founded by the prophet Zarathustra, originated in ancient Persia and emphasizes the importance of ethical choices, free will, and the struggle between good and evil.

The concept of 'dharma,' which refers to the moral and ethical duties and obligations of an individual, is primarily associated with Hinduism.

Confucianism and Taoism, both originating in ancient China, emphasize the importance of social harmony, ethical conduct, and the balance between yin and yang.

The concept of 'wu wei,' which refers to the idea of non-action or effortless action, is primarily associated with Taoism.

Hellenism, rooted in ancient Greek culture, emphasizes the importance of reason, logic, and philosophical inquiry.

The concept of 'logos,' which refers to the rational principle underlying the universe, is primarily associated with Hellenistic philosophy.

Roman Paganism, rooted in ancient Roman culture, emphasized the importance of civic duty, honor, and family values, as well as the worship of various gods and goddesses.