Energy poverty is primarily caused by the lack of access to modern energy services, such as electricity, clean cooking fuels, and efficient appliances, which are essential for basic needs and economic opportunities.

Energy poverty has far-reaching consequences, including increased healthcare costs due to indoor air pollution, reduced educational attainment due to lack of lighting and appliances, and limited economic opportunities due to lack of access to energy for productive activities.

Energy access contributes to poverty reduction by improving health and education outcomes through better lighting, cooking, and heating; increasing productivity and income-generating opportunities through access to energy for productive activities; and enhancing social inclusion and empowerment by providing access to information and communication technologies.

Addressing energy poverty faces several challenges, including high upfront costs of energy infrastructure, lack of political will and commitment to prioritize energy access, and limited financial resources, particularly in developing countries.

Renewable energy plays a crucial role in tackling energy poverty by providing clean and sustainable energy sources, enabling energy access in remote and rural areas, and offering cost-effective and affordable solutions.

Energy poverty alleviation programs encompass a range of interventions, including providing subsidies for energy-efficient appliances, investing in off-grid renewable energy systems, implementing energy efficiency programs, and promoting energy literacy and awareness.

Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) aims to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all, recognizing its critical role in poverty reduction and sustainable development.

Energy poverty is commonly measured using a combination of indicators, including the percentage of population without access to electricity, household energy expenditure as a percentage of total household expenditure, and the number of people relying on traditional biomass for cooking.

Fuel poverty is the term used to describe the situation where people are forced to spend a large portion of their income on energy, often leading to a trade-off between essential needs such as heating and food.

Policy interventions to address energy poverty can include providing energy subsidies to low-income households, investing in energy efficiency programs, promoting the use of renewable energy technologies, and implementing energy pricing reforms.

Energy vulnerability refers to the situation where people have limited access to energy services due to physical, economic, or social barriers, making them susceptible to energy poverty and its negative consequences.

The persistence of energy poverty in rural areas is influenced by a combination of factors, including lack of grid infrastructure, high upfront costs of renewable energy systems, limited access to financing, and weak institutional frameworks.

The Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet (GEAPP) aims to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy for all, promote energy efficiency and conservation, mobilize financial resources for energy access, and support countries in achieving their energy goals.

Achieving universal energy access by 2030 faces several challenges, including high costs of energy infrastructure, lack of political commitment, limited technological innovation, and the need for coordinated global action.

Energy deprivation refers to the situation where people are unable to meet their basic energy needs, such as cooking, heating, and lighting, due to lack of access to modern energy services or financial constraints.