Australia held its first modern democratic election in 1855, where secret ballots were used to elect members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly.

The primary purpose of a voting system is to select representatives who will make decisions on behalf of the electorate.

Ranked-choice voting allows voters to rank candidates in order of preference, ensuring that the most preferred candidate wins.

The 26th Amendment to the US Constitution, ratified in 1971, lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 years.

Vote tabulation is the process of counting and verifying votes in an election to determine the outcome.

Proportional representation electoral systems are designed to ensure that minority groups have representation in legislative bodies by allocating seats based on the proportion of votes they receive.

Gerrymandering is the practice of drawing electoral boundaries to favor a particular political party or group, giving them an unfair advantage in elections.

Cumulative voting allows voters to cast multiple votes for a single candidate, increasing their chances of being elected.

Nomination is the process of selecting candidates for an election, typically through a primary election or party convention.

First-past-the-post electoral systems are characterized by a single winner being elected from a single electoral district, with the candidate receiving the most votes winning.

Voter identification is the process of verifying the identity of voters before they are allowed to cast their ballots, typically through the presentation of an official ID.

Single transferable vote allows voters to transfer their votes to other candidates if their preferred candidate is eliminated, ensuring that their vote is not wasted.

Electoral redistricting is the process of dividing a country or region into electoral districts for the purpose of elections, typically based on population or geographic factors.

Proportional representation electoral systems are characterized by multiple winners being elected from a single electoral district, with the number of seats allocated to each party or group based on the proportion of votes they receive.

Voting is the process of casting a vote in an election, typically by marking a ballot or using an electronic voting machine.