Urbanization is the process by which people and economic activity become concentrated in urban areas.

Deforestation is not a major environmental issue facing urban areas, as it is primarily associated with rural areas.

Migration is the process by which people move from one place to another, including from rural to urban areas.

Increasing the use of fossil fuels would increase air pollution, not reduce it.

Displacement is the process by which low-income residents are forced to move out of their homes due to rising housing costs.

Urban green spaces have been shown to reduce crime rates, not increase them.

The urban heat island effect is caused by the concentration of buildings and paved surfaces in urban areas, which absorb and retain heat.

Encouraging sprawl would lead to increased environmental and social problems, not sustainability.

Sprawl is the process by which urban areas expand into surrounding rural areas, often in a haphazard and unplanned manner.

Climate change is not a direct challenge associated with solid waste disposal, although it can be exacerbated by certain waste management practices.

Gentrification is the process by which wealthy individuals and families move into low-income neighborhoods, leading to rising housing costs and displacement of existing residents.

Increasing industrial waste discharge would increase water pollution, not reduce it.

Multiculturalism is the term used to describe the phenomenon of urban areas becoming more diverse in terms of race, ethnicity, and culture.

Promoting economic growth is not a direct strategy for promoting environmental justice, although it can be a component of a broader approach.

Segregation is the term used to describe the phenomenon of urban areas becoming more segregated along racial and economic lines.