The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that racial segregation of public schools was unconstitutional.

Martin Luther King, Jr., a prominent civil rights leader, was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1968.

The Civil Rights Movement was a period of social activism and protest that took place in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s, aiming to secure equal rights for African Americans.

Rosa Parks was an African American civil rights activist who became known for her refusal to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark federal law that prohibited discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Malcolm X was an African American civil rights leader who advocated for black nationalism and self-defense.

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 was a federal law that prohibited discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

John Lewis was a civil rights leader who was known for his leadership in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was a federal law that prohibited discrimination in voting based on race or color.

Shirley Chisholm was a civil rights leader who was known for her work in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination in public accommodations based on race, color, religion, or national origin.

Martin Luther King, Jr. was a civil rights leader who was known for his leadership in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 was a federal law that prohibited discrimination in employment based on sex.

Betty Friedan was a civil rights leader who was known for her work in the National Organization for Women (NOW).