Hand stitching is a time-honored technique where the upper and sole of a shoe are meticulously sewn together using an awl and waxed thread, resulting in a durable and flexible construction.

A shoe last is a form that replicates the shape of a human foot, serving as the foundation upon which the leather upper is shaped and molded during the shoemaking process.

Full-grain leather is considered the highest quality leather, prized for its durability, strength, and natural breathability. It is often used in high-end footwear due to its superior resistance to wear and tear.

Glazing involves applying a thin layer of paint or coating to the leather upper of a shoe, creating a smooth, shiny finish that enhances the appearance and protects the leather from moisture.

Cemented construction is a method of attaching the upper to the sole using a strong adhesive, resulting in a lightweight and flexible shoe with a clean, streamlined appearance.

Edging refers to the process of smoothing and polishing the edges of a shoe's sole, creating a clean and refined finish that enhances the overall appearance of the shoe.

Blake stitching is a machine-based technique where the upper and sole of a shoe are sewn together using a specialized machine, resulting in a flexible and lightweight construction.

Polishing involves applying a thin layer of wax or polish to the leather upper of a shoe, creating a protective layer that enhances the appearance of the leather and protects it from moisture and dirt.

Goodyear welt is a traditional shoemaking technique where the upper and sole are stitched together using a series of stitches that pass through both layers, resulting in a durable and flexible construction.

Broguing refers to the decorative stitching that is often added to the upper of a shoe, creating a distinctive pattern that enhances the visual appeal of the footwear.

Storm welt is a shoemaking technique where a raised seam is created along the edge of the upper, providing additional protection from water and debris, often seen in work boots and hiking shoes.

Cap toe refers to the process of adding a decorative layer of leather or fabric to the toe of a shoe, creating a distinctive visual element that enhances the overall design.

Perforation refers to the process of creating a series of small holes in the leather upper of a shoe, allowing for breathability and adding a decorative element to the footwear.

Broguing refers to the decorative stitching that is often added to the upper of a shoe, creating a distinctive pattern that enhances the visual appeal of the footwear.

Storm welt is a shoemaking technique where a raised seam is created along the edge of the upper, providing additional protection from water and debris, often seen in work boots and hiking shoes.