Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer, revolutionized astronomy with his heliocentric theory, which placed the Sun, not the Earth, at the center of the universe.

Uraniborg was Tycho Brahe's renowned astronomical observatory, located on the island of Ven in the Øresund Strait between Denmark and Sweden.

Kepler's Law of Ellipses states that planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun, with the Sun at one of the foci of the ellipse.

Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems presented a comparative analysis of the Ptolemaic and Copernican systems, advocating for the heliocentric theory.

Galileo's observation of four moons orbiting Jupiter, known as the Galilean Moons, challenged the notion that all celestial bodies revolved around Earth.

Galileo used a refracting telescope, which employs lenses to magnify distant objects, to make his astronomical observations.

Aristarchus of Samos, a Greek astronomer, was the first known person to propose a heliocentric model of the universe, with the Earth orbiting the Sun.

The Scientific Revolution was a period of profound scientific change that encompassed astronomy, physics, and other fields, leading to a new understanding of the universe.

Kepler's Law of Periods states that the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the Sun.

Tycho Brahe's Astronomiae Instauratae Progymnasmata was a collection of his extensive astronomical observations, including precise measurements of planetary positions.

Galileo's observation of sunspots moving across the Sun's surface contradicted the Aristotelian notion of the heavens being perfect and unchanging.

Tycho Brahe used a large quadrant, a quarter-circle instrument, to measure the positions of celestial objects with great accuracy.

Hans Lippershey, a Dutch spectacle-maker, is credited with constructing the first telescope in 1608.

Kepler's Law of Equal Areas states that a line connecting a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals.