Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, an Indian-American astrophysicist, made significant contributions to the theory of black holes and gravitational singularities. His work laid the foundation for understanding the behavior of matter under extreme gravitational conditions.

AstroSat is India's first dedicated space observatory designed to study X-ray sources in the universe. It was launched in 2014 and has made significant contributions to our understanding of black holes, neutron stars, and other high-energy phenomena.

Satyendra Nath Bose, an Indian physicist, proposed the theory of neutrino oscillations in 1956. This theory explains the observed deficit of solar neutrinos by suggesting that neutrinos can change from one type to another as they travel through space.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) is a radio telescope located in Ooty, Tamil Nadu. It consists of 30 fully steerable parabolic radio telescopes, each 45 meters in diameter. The GMRT has been instrumental in studying pulsars, radio galaxies, and other radio sources.

J.C. Bhattacharya, an Indian astronomer, discovered the first radio galaxy, Cygnus A, in 1946. This discovery marked a significant milestone in the field of radio astronomy and led to the identification of many more radio galaxies and quasars.

Aditya-L1 is an Indian satellite launched in 2008 to study the Sun's corona and its impact on Earth's climate. It is the first Indian mission dedicated to studying the Sun and is expected to provide valuable insights into solar activity and its effects on Earth.

Ashoke Sen, an Indian astrophysicist, is known for his work on the theory of cosmic inflation. He proposed a string theory-based model of inflation that provides a framework for understanding the rapid expansion of the universe in its early stages.

RISAT-1 is an Indian satellite launched in 2013 to study the Earth's magnetosphere and its interaction with the solar wind. It is equipped with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that can penetrate clouds and darkness, making it useful for studying various aspects of the Earth's environment.

T. Padmanabhan, an Indian astronomer, is renowned for his contributions to the study of stellar evolution and the formation of heavy elements in stars. He has proposed several theories and models that have helped us understand the processes that occur inside stars.

Mangalyaan is an Indian space mission launched in 2014 to study Mars and search for signs of past or present life on the Red Planet. It was India's first interplanetary mission and successfully entered Mars' orbit in 2014.

Amitabha Sen, an Indian astrophysicist, is known for his work on the theory of quantum gravity. He has proposed several theories and models that attempt to unify the laws of gravity and quantum mechanics, two fundamental theories that are currently incompatible.

Megha-Tropiques is an Indian satellite launched in 2010 to study the Earth's atmosphere and climate. It is a joint mission between India and France and is equipped with instruments to measure various atmospheric parameters, including temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

Arvind Paranjape, an Indian astrophysicist, is known for his work on the theory of black hole thermodynamics. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of the relationship between the laws of thermodynamics and the behavior of black holes.

Oceansat-2 is an Indian satellite launched in 2019 to study the Earth's oceans and monitor sea surface temperature. It is equipped with instruments to measure various oceanographic parameters, including sea surface temperature, ocean color, and sea surface height.

Tanmay Vachaspati, an Indian astrophysicist, is known for his work on the theory of cosmic strings. He has made significant contributions to our understanding of the properties and behavior of cosmic strings, which are hypothetical one-dimensional objects that are predicted by some theories of particle physics.