Aryabhata, a renowned mathematician from the 5th century CE, is widely recognized for introducing the concept of zero and its use in the decimal system.

The Surya Siddhanta, an influential astronomical text from the 5th century CE, provides comprehensive insights into planetary movements, eclipses, and other celestial phenomena.

Kanada, a renowned philosopher from the 6th century BCE, developed the Vaisheshika school of thought, which includes the theory of atomism.

Bijaganita, written by Brahmagupta in the 7th century CE, is a significant mathematical text that includes solutions to quadratic equations and introduces the concept of negative numbers.

Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, emphasized the principle of non-violence or 'ahimsa' as a fundamental ethical teaching.

The Madhava series, developed by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama in the 14th century, provides an approximation for the area of a circle using an infinite sum of terms.

Shankara, a renowned philosopher from the 8th century CE, is associated with the Advaita Vedanta school of thought, which emphasizes the concept of 'maya' or illusion.

The Sulba Sutras, a collection of ancient Indian mathematical texts, include detailed discussions of the Pythagorean theorem and its applications in geometry and architecture.

Gotama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, emphasized the concept of 'karma' or the law of action and consequence, which states that one's actions in this life determine one's future.

The Indian method, also known as the 'Regula falsi' method, is an ancient Indian mathematical technique for finding the square root of a number using a series of successive approximations.

Nagarjuna, a renowned Buddhist philosopher from the 2nd century CE, is associated with the Madhyamaka school of thought, which emphasizes the concept of 'sunyata' or emptiness.

Lilavati, written by Bhaskara II in the 12th century CE, includes a comprehensive treatment of combinatorics and permutations and combinations, making it a significant contribution to the field of mathematics.

Ramanuja, a renowned philosopher from the 11th century CE, is associated with the Vishishtadvaita school of thought, which emphasizes the concept of 'bhakti' or devotion to God.

The Indian method, also known as the 'Newton's divided difference method', is an ancient Indian mathematical technique for interpolating values between known data points using a series of difference tables.

Shankara, a renowned philosopher from the 8th century CE, is associated with the Advaita Vedanta school of thought, which emphasizes the concept of 'advaita' or non-duality.