Biotechnology in diagnostics focuses on utilizing molecular techniques to analyze genetic material, such as DNA and RNA, to identify and understand diseases.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a fundamental biotechnology technique that allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences, enabling the detection and analysis of genetic material.

DNA sequencing in diagnostics is primarily used to identify genetic mutations associated with diseases, allowing for personalized medicine and targeted therapies.

Genetic testing in diagnostics can be used to assess an individual's genetic predisposition to certain drug allergies, enabling personalized medication selection and reducing adverse reactions.

Immunoassays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), are widely used in diagnostics for rapid pathogen detection by utilizing antibodies to identify specific antigens associated with the pathogen.

Molecular diagnostics in infectious disease management plays a crucial role in identifying drug resistance patterns, enabling the selection of appropriate antibiotics and optimizing treatment strategies.

Karyotyping, the analysis of chromosomes, is a biotechnology technique used in prenatal diagnostics to identify chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders in the developing fetus.

DNA microarrays are primarily used in diagnostics to detect genetic mutations, identify gene expression patterns, and diagnose genetic disorders.

Immunohistochemistry, a biotechnology technique, involves the use of antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue samples, aiding in the diagnosis of cancer and other diseases.

Biosensors are employed in diagnostics to detect environmental pollutants, monitor food quality, and analyze various biological samples for the presence of specific substances.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a fundamental biotechnology technique that allows for the rapid amplification and detection of specific DNA sequences, enabling the identification of pathogens.

Genetic testing in personalized medicine plays a crucial role in selecting appropriate medications based on an individual's genetic profile, optimizing treatment outcomes and reducing adverse reactions.

Amniocentesis, a prenatal screening technique, involves the collection of amniotic fluid to analyze fetal genetic material and identify potential chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders.

DNA fingerprinting in forensic science is used to match DNA samples found at crime scenes to individuals, aiding in criminal investigations and identifying suspects.