In India, caste and religion have historically been the primary determinants of class formation. Caste is a social hierarchy based on birth, while religion divides society into different communities with distinct beliefs and practices.

While the upper class in India typically enjoys wealth, privilege, and political power, access to education and healthcare is not exclusive to this class. These resources are increasingly available to members of other classes as well.

The middle class in India is often associated with non-Brahmin upper castes, who have traditionally held positions of power and influence in various fields.

Dalits, also known as Scheduled Castes, are considered the lowest social class in India and have historically faced discrimination and exclusion.

While education, inter-caste marriages, and affirmative action policies can facilitate class mobility, inheritance and wealth accumulation tend to perpetuate class divisions.

The class structure in India has undergone significant changes over time, becoming more diverse and complex due to factors such as economic growth, globalization, and social movements.

Class has a profound impact on various aspects of social and economic life in India, including access to resources and opportunities, social interactions and relationships, and political participation and representation.

Caste riots, labor strikes, and peasant uprisings are all examples of class-based conflicts in India, where different classes compete for resources, power, and social status.

The lower classes in India face a multitude of challenges, including poverty, lack of resources, discrimination, social exclusion, and limited access to education and healthcare.

The Indian government has implemented various policies to address class inequalities, including reservations in education and employment, subsidies and welfare programs, and land reforms and redistribution.

Social movements play a crucial role in challenging class structures in India by raising awareness about class inequalities, mobilizing people for collective action, and advocating for policy changes.

Education can contribute to reducing class inequalities in India by providing equal opportunities for all, empowering individuals with skills and knowledge, and promoting social mobility.

Contemporary debates surrounding class structure in India include the persistence of caste and religion in class formation, the impact of globalization on class relations, and the rise of new middle classes.

Class and caste often intersect and reinforce each other in India, perpetuating social inequalities. Caste-based discrimination can limit opportunities for social and economic mobility, while class position can influence access to resources and power within caste groups.

Studying class structure in India presents several challenges, including the complexity and diversity of Indian society, the lack of reliable data on class, and the influence of caste and religion on class formation.