Holistic and integrated approach to education

Emphasis on rote memorization and content-based learning

Strict adherence to traditional teaching methods

Segregation of students based on academic performance

3 to 8 years

6 to 14 years

14 to 18 years

18 to 22 years

Emphasis on rote memorization and subject-specific silos

Integration of subjects and focus on experiential learning

Strict adherence to a fixed curriculum and textbooks

Segregation of students based on academic ability

It represents the number of years spent in different stages of education.

It indicates the number of subjects to be studied in each stage.

It reflects the age range covered by each stage of education.

It signifies the number of assessments conducted during the school years.

Frequent and comprehensive summative assessments

Continuous and formative assessments focused on learning outcomes

High-stakes standardized testing at the end of each grade

Assessment based solely on memorization and recall of facts

To prepare students for specific jobs and careers early on.

To provide students with hands-on experience and practical skills.

To segregate students based on their academic abilities.

To reduce the focus on core academic subjects.

Mandating the use of English as the sole medium of instruction.

Promoting the use of regional languages as the primary medium of instruction.

Encouraging the teaching of multiple languages as part of the curriculum.

Discouraging the use of mother tongue in the classroom.

It allows students to progress to the next grade regardless of their academic performance.

It eliminates the need for summative assessments and examinations.

It encourages rote memorization and content-based learning.

It promotes a competitive and high-stakes testing environment.

Segregating students with disabilities into special schools.

Providing additional support and resources only to students with severe disabilities.

Creating inclusive classrooms that cater to the diverse needs of all students.

Excluding students with disabilities from mainstream education.

To promote national integration and unity among students.

To encourage students to travel and explore different parts of India.

To focus solely on academic excellence and competitive exams.

To segregate students based on their regional backgrounds.

Lowering the entry requirements for teacher education programs.

Reducing the duration of teacher education programs.

Emphasizing content knowledge over pedagogical skills.

Enhancing the quality and rigor of teacher education programs.

It promotes the clustering of schools based on their proximity.

It encourages competition among schools for resources and funding.

It leads to the privatization of school education.

It reduces the autonomy and decision-making power of individual schools.

Increasing the number of textbooks and study materials.

Encouraging students to carry all their books and materials to school daily.

Promoting the use of digital textbooks and e-learning resources.

Mandating the purchase of expensive and branded textbooks.

To focus solely on rote memorization and content-based learning.

To promote the use of technology in the classroom.

To address the learning gaps and improve basic literacy and numeracy skills.

To reduce the emphasis on creative and critical thinking skills.

Discouraging parents from participating in school activities and decision-making.

Promoting the involvement of parents only in fundraising and financial matters.

Encouraging active participation of parents and community members in school governance and decision-making.

Limiting the role of parents to providing financial support to the school.