Hetvabhasa refers to fallacies in reasoning, which are often due to psychological factors such as biases and misconceptions.

Indian logic recognizes that perception is an important source of knowledge, but it also emphasizes the role of other sources such as inference and testimony.

Confirmation bias, neglect of evidence, and overgeneralization are all psychological factors that can lead to fallacies in reasoning.

Conceptualization is the psychological process of forming a mental representation of something by identifying its essential features.

Anumana is the process of inferring a conclusion from evidence, and it is a central concept in the Nyaya school of Indian logic.

Evaluation is the psychological process of making a judgment about something, based on its perceived value or importance.

Confirmation bias, neglect of evidence, and overgeneralization are all psychological factors that can lead to biases in judgment.

Belief formation is the psychological process of forming a belief about something, based on evidence or personal experience.

Jati is the term for a universal or class, and it is a central concept in the Vaisheshika school of Indian logic.

Decision-making is the psychological process of making a choice between two or more alternatives.

Confirmation bias, neglect of evidence, and overgeneralization are all psychological factors that can lead to biases in decision-making.

Problem-solving is the psychological process of finding a solution to a problem, by using cognitive skills such as reasoning and decision-making.

Vyapti is the term for the relationship between a universal and its instances, and it is a central concept in the Mimamsa school of Indian logic.

Planning is the psychological process of forming a plan, by identifying goals and steps to achieve those goals.

Confirmation bias, neglect of evidence, and overgeneralization are all psychological factors that can lead to biases in planning.