Direct contact is not a primary mode of pathogen transmission in plants. The primary modes of transmission are airborne, waterborne, and soilborne.

The disease cycle refers to the sequence of events in a plant disease, including infection, colonization, reproduction, and dissemination of the pathogen.

Vertical resistance is a specific type of plant resistance to pathogens that is controlled by a single gene. Horizontal resistance, systemic acquired resistance, and induced systemic resistance are all types of non-specific plant resistance.

Virulence refers to the ability of a pathogen to overcome plant resistance and cause disease. Avirulence is the opposite of virulence, and it refers to the inability of a pathogen to cause disease in a resistant plant.

Genetic engineering is not a common method of disease management in plants. Cultural practices, chemical control, and biological control are all common methods of disease management.

Infection refers to the process by which a pathogen enters a plant and establishes itself. Colonization is the process by which a pathogen multiplies and spreads within a plant. Reproduction is the process by which a pathogen produces new offspring. Dissemination is the process by which a pathogen is spread from one plant to another.

Endophytic is not a type of plant-pathogen interaction. Biotrophic, necrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic are all types of plant-pathogen interactions.

Tolerance refers to the ability of a plant to tolerate the presence of a pathogen without showing symptoms of disease. Resistance is the ability of a plant to prevent or reduce the infection and colonization of a pathogen. Immunity is the complete resistance of a plant to a pathogen. Susceptibility is the inability of a plant to resist infection and colonization by a pathogen.

Genetic engineering is not a type of disease management strategy. Cultural practices, chemical control, and biological control are all types of disease management strategies.

Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a pathogen to cause disease in a plant. Virulence is the ability of a pathogen to overcome plant resistance. Aggressiveness is the ability of a pathogen to cause severe disease symptoms. Infectivity is the ability of a pathogen to enter and colonize a plant.

Genetic resistance is not a type of plant defense mechanism. Physical barriers, chemical barriers, and induced resistance are all types of plant defense mechanisms.

Dissemination refers to the process by which a pathogen spreads from one plant to another. Infection is the process by which a pathogen enters a plant and establishes itself. Colonization is the process by which a pathogen multiplies and spreads within a plant. Reproduction is the process by which a pathogen produces new offspring.

Saprophytic is not a type of plant-pathogen interaction. Biotrophic, necrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic are all types of plant-pathogen interactions.

Resistance refers to the ability of a plant to resist infection by a pathogen. Tolerance is the ability of a plant to tolerate the presence of a pathogen without showing symptoms of disease. Immunity is the complete resistance of a plant to a pathogen. Susceptibility is the inability of a plant to resist infection and colonization by a pathogen.

Genetic engineering is not a type of disease management strategy. Cultural practices, chemical control, and biological control are all types of disease management strategies.