Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes, are the leading cause of death globally, accounting for over 70% of all deaths.

Malaria is a communicable disease caused by a parasite transmitted by mosquitoes. Non-communicable diseases, on the other hand, are not caused by infectious agents.

Non-communicable disease surveillance aims to identify and track trends in NCD incidence, prevalence, mortality, and risk factors in order to inform public health policy and interventions.

School-based surveys are not typically used for non-communicable disease surveillance, as they are more commonly used for surveillance of communicable diseases and injuries.

Non-communicable disease control aims to reduce the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and risk factors for NCDs through a variety of interventions, including health promotion, disease prevention, and early detection and treatment.

Vaccination is not a common strategy for non-communicable disease control, as NCDs are not caused by infectious agents. Health education and promotion, tobacco control, and physical activity promotion are all common strategies for NCD control.

Healthcare providers play a critical role in non-communicable disease surveillance and control by identifying and reporting cases of NCDs, providing treatment and care for people with NCDs, and educating patients about NCDs and their risk factors.

Public health agencies play a critical role in non-communicable disease surveillance and control by developing and implementing policies and programs to prevent and control NCDs, monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of NCD prevention and control programs, and collaborating with healthcare providers and other stakeholders to improve NCD surveillance and control.

Non-communicable disease surveillance and control face a number of challenges, including the long latency period of many NCDs, the lack of specific symptoms for many NCDs, and the high cost of NCD treatment and care.

Non-communicable disease surveillance and control have a number of opportunities, including the increasing availability of data on NCDs, the growing awareness of the importance of NCD prevention and control, and the development of new technologies for NCD prevention and control.

Individuals play a critical role in non-communicable disease surveillance and control by taking steps to reduce their risk of developing NCDs, participating in NCD screening and early detection programs, and seeking treatment and care for NCDs if they are diagnosed.

Communities play a critical role in non-communicable disease surveillance and control by creating supportive environments for healthy living, advocating for policies and programs to prevent and control NCDs, and providing social support for people with NCDs.

The government plays a critical role in non-communicable disease surveillance and control by developing and implementing policies and programs to prevent and control NCDs, monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of NCD prevention and control programs, and collaborating with public health agencies and other stakeholders to improve NCD surveillance and control.

The private sector plays a critical role in non-communicable disease surveillance and control by developing and marketing products and services that promote healthy living, collaborating with public health agencies and other stakeholders to improve NCD surveillance and control, and providing financial support for NCD prevention and control programs.

International organizations play a critical role in non-communicable disease surveillance and control by providing technical assistance to countries in need, coordinating global efforts to prevent and control NCDs, and advocating for policies and programs to prevent and control NCDs.