The Ujjain Observatory, also known as the Vedhshala, is the oldest known observatory in India. It was built by the astronomer Varahamihira in the 6th century.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) is the largest optical telescope in India. It is located at an altitude of 4,500 meters in the Hanle region of Ladakh.

The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KSO) is known for its studies of the Sun. It is located in Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu.

The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) is dedicated to the study of cosmic rays. It is located in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) is known for its discovery of the first extrasolar planet orbiting a Sun-like star. It is located in Bangalore, Karnataka.

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is dedicated to the study of gravitational waves. It is located in Hanford, Washington, and Livingston, Louisiana, in the United States, and in India, it is located in Ooty, Tamil Nadu.

The Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) is known for its studies of the interstellar medium. It is located in Nainital, Uttarakhand.

The INO Collaboration is dedicated to the study of neutrinos. It is located in Theni, Tamil Nadu.

The Cosmic Microwave Background Experiment (CMBEx) is known for its studies of the cosmic microwave background. It is located in Leh, Ladakh.

The Dark Matter Experiment (DAME) is dedicated to the study of dark matter. It is located in the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) in Theni, Tamil Nadu.

The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) is known for its studies of the early universe. It is located in the Chandra Deep Field South in the constellation of Fornax.

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is dedicated to the study of black holes. It is a collaboration of several observatories around the world, including the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile and the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile.

The Galactic Center Mini-Spiral (GCMS) is known for its studies of the Milky Way galaxy. It is located at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.

The Star Formation and Evolution (STARFORM) project is dedicated to the study of star formation. It is a collaboration of several observatories around the world, including the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile and the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile.

The Solar System Exploration (SSE) project is dedicated to the study of the solar system. It is a collaboration of several observatories around the world, including the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile and the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile.