Solar energy systems utilize the energy from sunlight to generate electricity or heat.

Monocrystalline silicon solar cells are known for their high efficiency and durability, making them a popular choice for PV systems.

The photovoltaic effect is the process by which certain materials generate an electrical current when exposed to light.

Solar thermal systems use solar collectors to capture and convert sunlight into heat.

While solar energy is used in various applications, it is not commonly used for transportation due to limitations in energy storage and vehicle efficiency.

Solar irradiance refers to the amount of solar radiation (energy) that reaches the Earth's surface per unit area.

China is currently the world's leading producer of solar energy, accounting for a significant portion of global solar power generation.

Solar energy is a clean and renewable source of energy, offering significant environmental benefits compared to fossil fuels.

Thin-film solar cells are flexible and lightweight, making them suitable for various applications, including building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).

Solar thermal energy involves the conversion of sunlight into heat energy, which can be used for various applications such as water heating and space heating.

Parabolic trough collectors are not as commonly used as flat-plate, evacuated tube, and concentrating collectors in solar thermal systems.

Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight that is converted into electricity by a solar cell.

Cell size does not directly affect the efficiency of a solar cell, but factors like temperature, sunlight intensity, and cell material do.

Solar energy is intermittent, meaning it is not always available when needed, which poses challenges for energy storage and grid integration.

Flywheels are not commonly used for solar energy storage, while batteries, pumped hydro storage, and compressed air energy storage are more widely adopted technologies.