The Mediterranean climate is not found in India. India's major climatic regions include Tropical Wet and Dry, Tropical Monsoon, and Temperate Continental.

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is the primary factor influencing the formation of the Indian monsoon. It is a low-pressure belt where the trade winds from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres converge, resulting in heavy rainfall.

The Western Ghats region of India receives the highest annual rainfall due to its location along the windward side of the Western Ghats mountains, which force the moisture-laden winds to rise and condense, resulting in heavy rainfall.

The Thar Desert's arid climate is primarily caused by the rain shadow effect. The Himalayas block the moisture-laden winds from the Bay of Bengal, resulting in very low rainfall in the region.

The Himalayas experience the coldest winters in India due to their high altitude and proximity to the Arctic Circle. Temperatures in the region can drop below freezing during the winter months.

Climate change leads to an increase in global temperatures, which results in more frequent and intense extreme weather events, such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and cyclones.

The Himalayan Region is most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to its fragile ecosystem, high altitude, and dependence on glacial meltwater. Climate change is causing the glaciers to melt at an alarming rate, leading to water scarcity, landslides, and other environmental issues.

The primary reason for the decline in India's forest cover is deforestation for agriculture. Forests are cleared to make way for agricultural land, leading to a reduction in forest cover and its associated ecological benefits.

The Temperate Continental Region of India experiences moderate temperatures and abundant rainfall. It is characterized by hot summers and cold winters, with moderate rainfall throughout the year.

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can cause both droughts and floods in India. During El Niño years, India experiences droughts, while during La Niña years, India experiences floods.

Climate change is expected to have negative impacts on agricultural productivity in India due to changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events.

Vehicular emissions are the primary cause of air pollution in India. The increasing number of vehicles, particularly in urban areas, contributes to high levels of air pollution.

Delhi is known for its severe air pollution. The city's high population density, traffic congestion, and industrial activities contribute to poor air quality.

Sewage discharge is the primary cause of water pollution in India. The lack of proper sewage treatment facilities leads to the discharge of untreated sewage into rivers and other water bodies, contaminating them.

The Ganges River is considered the most polluted river in India. The discharge of industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and sewage into the river has led to severe water pollution.