Realism emerged as a literary movement in India during the colonial period, reflecting the desire to portray the social and political realities of the time.

Premchand is considered a pioneer of the realist movement in Indian literature, known for his portrayal of social and economic issues in his works.

Modernism emerged in India in the early 20th century, influenced by Western modernist writers and characterized by experimentation with form and style.

T.S. Eliot, though not an Indian writer, had a significant influence on the modernist movement in Indian literature.

Postmodernism emerged in India in the post-independence era, reflecting the changing social and political landscape.

Arundhati Roy is considered a prominent figure in the postmodernist movement in Indian literature.

The Indian independence movement inspired a new wave of patriotic literature that reflected the aspirations and struggles of the Indian people.

Dalit Literature emerged in response to the social and economic inequalities faced by the Dalit community in India.

Baburao Bagul is considered a prominent figure in Dalit Literature.

The rise of regionalism in India led to the emergence of new literary genres that reflected the unique cultural and linguistic identities of different regions.

Ecocriticism emerged in India in response to the environmental and ecological concerns of the late 20th century.

Amitav Ghosh is considered a prominent figure in Ecocriticism.

The globalization of the 21st century resulted in the emergence of new literary themes and styles that reflected the interconnectedness and diversity of the globalized world.

Cyberpunk emerged in India in response to the rise of digital technologies and the internet.

Neal Stephenson, though not an Indian writer, had a significant influence on the Cyberpunk movement in Indian literature.