Respect for Autonomy is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of respecting the autonomy and self-determination of individuals. It involves respecting their right to make their own decisions and choices, even if those decisions may not be in their best interest.

Non-maleficence is the ethical principle that focuses on preventing harm and minimizing the risk of harm to individuals. It involves the duty to avoid causing harm and to take steps to prevent harm from occurring.

Beneficence is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of doing good and promoting the well-being of individuals. It involves the duty to act in a way that benefits others and to promote their welfare.

Justice is the ethical principle that focuses on fairness, equity, and the just distribution of benefits and burdens in society. It involves the duty to treat people fairly and impartially, and to ensure that everyone has access to opportunities and resources.

The principle of informed consent emphasizes the right of patients to make informed decisions about their medical care, the duty of healthcare professionals to provide accurate and comprehensive information, and the importance of obtaining consent from patients before performing medical procedures.

Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of maximizing overall happiness and reducing suffering. It involves the belief that the right action is the one that produces the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people.

Deontology is the ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of following moral rules and duties, regardless of the consequences. It involves the belief that certain actions are right or wrong in themselves, and that we should act in accordance with these moral rules, even if doing so may lead to negative consequences.

Virtue Ethics is the ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of developing and practicing virtues, such as honesty, courage, and compassion. It involves the belief that the right action is the one that a virtuous person would do in a given situation.

Kantian Ethics is the ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of acting in accordance with universal moral principles that are binding on all rational beings. It involves the belief that the right action is the one that can be universalized, meaning that it can be consistently applied to all similar situations.

The principle of beneficence in research ethics requires researchers to minimize the risks and maximize the benefits of research participation, obtain informed consent from participants before conducting research, and protect the privacy and confidentiality of participants.

Non-discrimination is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of treating people equally and fairly, regardless of their race, gender, religion, or other characteristics. It involves the duty to avoid discrimination and to treat everyone with respect and dignity.

Environmental Ethics is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of respecting and protecting the environment. It involves the duty to avoid harming the environment, to conserve natural resources, and to promote sustainability.

The ethical principle of the Common Good emphasizes the importance of promoting the common good and working towards the benefit of society as a whole. It involves the duty to work towards creating a just and equitable society where everyone has the opportunity to flourish.

The ethical principle of Honesty emphasizes the importance of being honest and truthful in one's words and actions. It involves the duty to avoid lying, cheating, and misleading others, and to act with integrity and sincerity.

The ethical principle of Cultural Relativism emphasizes the importance of respecting and valuing the diversity of cultures, beliefs, and perspectives. It involves the duty to recognize that different cultures have different moral values and practices, and to avoid judging or condemning other cultures based on one's own cultural beliefs.