Marxism is a political and economic theory that argues that the economic structure of society determines the political and social superstructure. It emphasizes the role of class struggle and the exploitation of workers under capitalism.

Liberalism is a political ideology that emphasizes individual liberty, limited government intervention, and the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms.

Realism is a school of thought in international relations that emphasizes the role of power and national interests in shaping state behavior. It argues that states are primarily concerned with maximizing their power and security in a competitive and anarchic international system.

Pluralism is a theory in political science that emphasizes the role of multiple groups and interests in shaping political outcomes. It argues that power is not concentrated in the hands of a single elite, but rather is dispersed among various actors in society.

Culturalism is a theory in political science that emphasizes the role of culture and identity in shaping political behavior. It argues that cultural factors, such as values, beliefs, and norms, influence how individuals and groups perceive and interact with the political system.

Institutionalism is a theory in political science that emphasizes the role of political institutions in shaping political behavior and outcomes. It argues that institutions, such as legislatures, courts, and bureaucracies, influence how individuals and groups interact with the political system and how political decisions are made.

Rational choice theory is a theory in political science that assumes that political actors are rational and self-interested. It argues that individuals and groups make political decisions based on their own personal preferences and seek to maximize their benefits.

Anarchism is a political theory that advocates for the abolition of the state. Anarchists argue that the state is a coercive institution that oppresses individuals and violates their freedom. They believe that a stateless society based on voluntary cooperation and mutual aid is possible and desirable.

Marxism is a political and economic theory that argues that the economic structure of society determines the political and social superstructure. It emphasizes the role of class struggle and the exploitation of workers under capitalism.

Conservatism is a political ideology that emphasizes traditional values, social hierarchy, and the preservation of established institutions. Conservatives believe that society should be based on traditional moral values, such as family, religion, and patriotism, and that the role of government should be limited to protecting individual rights and maintaining social order.

Realism is a school of thought in international relations that emphasizes the role of power and national interests in shaping state behavior. It argues that states are primarily concerned with maximizing their power and security in a competitive and anarchic international system.

Pluralism is a theory in political science that emphasizes the role of multiple groups and interests in shaping political outcomes. It argues that power is not concentrated in the hands of a single elite, but rather is dispersed among various actors in society.

Culturalism is a theory in political science that emphasizes the role of culture and identity in shaping political behavior. It argues that cultural factors, such as values, beliefs, and norms, influence how individuals and groups perceive and interact with the political system.

Institutionalism is a theory in political science that emphasizes the role of political institutions in shaping political behavior and outcomes. It argues that institutions, such as legislatures, courts, and bureaucracies, influence how individuals and groups interact with the political system and how political decisions are made.

Rational choice theory is a theory in political science that assumes that political actors are rational and self-interested. It argues that individuals and groups make political decisions based on their own personal preferences and seek to maximize their benefits.