To reduce dependence on imports.

To increase exports.

To promote economic growth.

To stabilize the exchange rate.

Tariffs.

Quotas.

Subsidies.

All of the above.

Increased economic growth.

Reduced unemployment.

Improved balance of payments.

All of the above.

Higher prices for consumers.

Reduced efficiency.

Slower technological progress.

All of the above.

China.

India.

Brazil.

South Korea.

Argentina.

Chile.

Mexico.

Venezuela.

That new industries need temporary protection to become competitive.

That import substitution policies are always beneficial.

That import substitution policies should be permanent.

That import substitution policies are only necessary for developing countries.

That import substitution policies are necessary to correct a trade deficit.

That import substitution policies are always beneficial.

That import substitution policies should be permanent.

That import substitution policies are only necessary for developing countries.

That import substitution policies are necessary to protect national security.

That import substitution policies are always beneficial.

That import substitution policies should be permanent.

That import substitution policies are only necessary for developing countries.

That import substitution policies are necessary to create jobs.

That import substitution policies are always beneficial.

That import substitution policies should be permanent.

That import substitution policies are only necessary for developing countries.

That import substitution policies can lead to higher prices for consumers.

That import substitution policies can reduce efficiency.

That import substitution policies can slow technological progress.

All of the above.

That import substitution policies can lead to a trade deficit.

That import substitution policies can reduce exports.

That import substitution policies can lead to a weaker currency.

All of the above.

That import substitution policies can make a country more dependent on imports.

That import substitution policies can lead to a weaker military.

That import substitution policies can make a country more vulnerable to economic coercion.

All of the above.

That import substitution policies can lead to higher unemployment.

That import substitution policies can reduce wages.

That import substitution policies can lead to a decline in the standard of living.

All of the above.

That import substitution policies are generally beneficial.

That import substitution policies are generally harmful.

That the effectiveness of import substitution policies depends on the specific circumstances of a country.

That there is no consensus among economists on the effectiveness of import substitution policies.