The FLRW metric is a mathematical framework that describes the geometry of the universe and its expansion.

The CMB is crucial in supporting the Big Bang theory as it offers insights into the universe's early conditions, age, and evolution.

The Friedmann equation is a set of equations that govern the expansion of the universe based on general relativity.

The cosmological constant is associated with the energy density of the vacuum and is believed to be responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe.

Numerical simulations are employed to model the universe's evolution and study the formation of structures like galaxies and clusters.

The Hubble constant is crucial in cosmology as it provides insights into the universe's expansion rate, age, and the distances to distant galaxies.

Riemannian geometry is used to describe the curvature of spacetime in the context of general relativity and the Big Bang theory.

The singularity in the Big Bang theory represents the initial state of the universe, characterized by infinite density and temperature, and marks the beginning of spacetime.

Quantum field theory is used to study the behavior of elementary particles and forces in the early universe.

Inflation is a period of rapid expansion in the early universe that addresses the horizon problem, generates primordial density fluctuations, and explains the universe's large-scale structure.

The ΛCDM model is a cosmological model that describes the evolution of the universe's large-scale structure.

Dark energy and dark matter are mysterious components of the universe that make up most of its energy and matter, and their properties and role in the universe's expansion and evolution are not fully understood.

Numerical relativity is used to study the properties and behavior of black holes in the context of the Big Bang theory.

The CMB polarization provides information about the universe's geometry, helps determine its age, and offers insights into the early universe's conditions.

Semi-analytic models, hydrodynamical simulations, and N-body simulations are all used to study the formation and evolution of galaxies in the context of the Big Bang theory.