Cycling is a zero-emission mode of transportation, meaning it does not produce any greenhouse gases. It is also a very efficient way to travel, as it requires less energy than other modes of transportation.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted by transportation activities, accounting for over 70% of total transportation-related emissions. It is produced when fossil fuels, such as gasoline and diesel, are burned for transportation purposes.

Road transportation, which includes cars, trucks, and buses, is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions from transportation globally. It accounts for over 70% of total transportation-related emissions, primarily due to the widespread use of fossil fuel-powered vehicles.

Modal shift refers to the transition from high-emission modes of transportation, such as personal cars, to more sustainable alternatives, such as public transportation, cycling, and walking. It is a key strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transportation.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Agreement is an international agreement that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation. It sets global standards and targets for reducing emissions from aircraft and promotes the development of sustainable aviation fuels and technologies.

Transportation decarbonization refers to the process of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transportation activities. It involves transitioning to low-emission or zero-emission modes of transportation, such as electric vehicles, public transportation, and cycling, as well as improving the energy efficiency of transportation systems.

Catalytic converters are devices that reduce harmful pollutants, including greenhouse gases, from the exhaust of vehicles with internal combustion engines. They work by converting these pollutants into less harmful substances, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor.

The lack of charging infrastructure is a major challenge associated with the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. The availability of sufficient charging stations is crucial for ensuring that electric vehicle owners can conveniently charge their vehicles and travel long distances without running out of power.

Rail transportation is generally considered to be the most energy-efficient mode of transportation. Trains can carry a large number of passengers or cargo over long distances with relatively low energy consumption compared to other modes of transportation.

Trip reduction refers to the practice of reducing the number of vehicle trips taken. This can be achieved through various strategies, such as carpooling, telecommuting, and promoting walking and cycling for short trips.

A battery electric vehicle (BEV) is powered solely by an electric motor that draws electricity from a battery. BEVs do not produce tailpipe emissions and have zero direct greenhouse gas emissions during operation.

Water vapor (H2O) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted by aircraft during flight. It is produced as a byproduct of the combustion of jet fuel and contributes to the formation of contrails, which can have a warming effect on the climate.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the international organization responsible for coordinating efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from shipping. It sets global standards for reducing emissions from ships and promotes the development of more energy-efficient shipping practices.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) refers to the practice of designing cities and towns in a way that encourages walking, cycling, and public transportation. TOD involves creating compact, mixed-use developments centered around public transportation hubs, making it easier for people to live, work, and access services without relying on cars.

A fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is powered by an electric motor that draws electricity from a hydrogen fuel cell. FCEVs produce zero direct greenhouse gas emissions during operation, as the only byproduct is water vapor.