The first modern astronomical observatory in India was established in Chennai in 1786.

Meghnad Saha was the first Indian to receive a doctorate in astronomy from a foreign university, which he obtained from the University of Berlin in 1921.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar is known for his work on the theory of stellar evolution, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the space agency of India, responsible for the country's space program.

Mangalyaan was the first Indian satellite to be launched into orbit around Mars, in 2014.

Jayant Narlikar is known for his work on the cosmic microwave background, for which he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2004.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope is located at the Devasthal Observatory in Uttarakhand, and is the largest optical telescope in India.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar is known for his work on the theory of black holes, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.

The Aditya-L1 mission is a space mission launched by ISRO to study the Sun.

Jayant Narlikar is known for his work on the theory of general relativity, for which he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2004.

The Vainu Bappu Telescope is located at the Kavalur Observatory in Tamil Nadu, and is the second largest optical telescope in India.

The Chandrayaan-1 mission was a space mission launched by ISRO to study the Moon.

Harish-Chandra is known for his work on the theory of quantum mechanics, for which he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1977.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope is located at the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope in Maharashtra, and is the largest radio telescope in the world.