Wheat, particularly common wheat (Triticum aestivum), holds the title of "king of grains" due to its extensive cultivation and significance as a primary food source in various regions around the globe.

The endosperm is the starchy portion of the grain, which constitutes the majority of its mass and serves as a primary source of carbohydrates and energy.

Corn, also known as maize, originated in the Americas and is widely cultivated for its edible kernels, which are a staple food in many regions.

Barley is a cereal grain primarily utilized in the brewing industry for the production of beer and whiskey, owing to its unique properties that contribute to the flavor and aroma of these beverages.

Oats are a cereal grain recognized for their high protein content and are commonly consumed in breakfast cereals, oatmeal, and various baked goods.

The bran is the outermost layer of a grain and is rich in dietary fiber, contributing to the grain's nutritional value and digestive benefits.

Wheat, particularly durum wheat (Triticum durum), is extensively used in the production of pasta due to its unique properties that result in a firm and chewy texture.

Milling is the process of removing the outer layers of a grain, typically involving grinding and sifting, to produce refined grains or flour.

Rice, particularly Asian rice (Oryza sativa), originated in Asia and is a fundamental component of many Asian cuisines, forming the basis of various rice dishes.

Threshing is the process of separating grains from their husks or outer coverings, typically involving mechanical methods or traditional techniques.

Rice, particularly puffed rice, is commonly used in the production of breakfast cereals due to its ability to expand and create a light and airy texture.

Parboiling is the process of partially boiling grains before drying them, typically used with rice, to improve their nutritional content and cooking characteristics.

Wheat, particularly common wheat (Triticum aestivum), is renowned for its high gluten content, which contributes to the elastic and chewy texture of bread, pasta, and other baked goods.

Winnowing is the process of separating grains from chaff, typically involving blowing air to remove lighter materials like dust and husks.

Corn, particularly maize, is extensively used in Mexican cuisine, forming the basis of various traditional dishes such as tortillas, tamales, and pozole.