GIS plays a multifaceted role in urban planning and management, encompassing data collection and storage, spatial analysis and modeling, and decision-making and visualization.

A geodatabase is a collection of geographic data organized into feature classes, tables, and relationships. It serves as the central repository for spatial data in GIS.

Overlay analysis involves combining multiple layers of spatial data to identify areas where they intersect or overlap. This technique is useful for analyzing relationships between different features, such as land use and transportation networks.

Map layout is a GIS tool that enables users to arrange and format map elements, such as layers, legends, scale bars, and north arrows, to create a visually appealing and informative map.

GIS can contribute to sustainable urban planning by optimizing land use and transportation systems, identifying areas for green spaces and parks, and assessing the environmental impact of development projects.

Network analysis is a GIS application that allows users to analyze the connectivity and flow of traffic through a transportation network. It can be used to identify bottlenecks, optimize traffic signals, and plan new transportation routes.

GIS can assist in managing urban infrastructure and utilities by mapping and tracking the location of infrastructure assets, analyzing the condition of infrastructure and identifying maintenance needs, and optimizing the distribution of utilities and services.

Weighted overlay analysis is a GIS technique that combines multiple layers of data, each assigned a weight based on its importance, to identify areas that meet specific criteria. It is commonly used in land use planning and site selection.

GIS can contribute to disaster management and emergency response by providing real-time information on the location and extent of disasters, assisting in the coordination of emergency response efforts, and facilitating the assessment of damage and needs.

Hotspot analysis is a GIS application that identifies areas with statistically significant concentrations of events, such as crimes, accidents, or disease outbreaks. It is used to identify crime hotspots and target resources for crime prevention and enforcement.

GIS can be used to promote public participation and engagement in urban planning and management by providing interactive mapping tools for visualizing and exploring spatial data, facilitating online public forums and surveys, and integrating social media and crowdsourcing platforms.

Land use change analysis is a GIS application that evaluates changes in land use over time. It is used to assess the impact of land use changes on the environment, such as deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion.

GIS can contribute to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of urban services by optimizing the location of public facilities and services, analyzing service demand and identifying underserved areas, and facilitating the coordination of service delivery.

Disease cluster analysis is a GIS application that identifies areas with statistically significant concentrations of disease cases. It is used to identify disease clusters and investigate potential causes of disease outbreaks.

GIS can be used to support sustainable urban development and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by providing data and tools for monitoring and evaluating progress towards the SDGs, facilitating the integration of sustainability principles into urban planning and management, and promoting collaboration and partnerships among stakeholders.