Brahmagupta, a 7th-century Indian mathematician, is widely recognized for introducing the concept of zero and its use in mathematical operations.

Aryabhata, in the 5th century, described the Fibonacci sequence in his work, Aryabhatiya, centuries before Fibonacci's rediscovery.

Kapila, the founder of the Samkhya school of Indian philosophy, is credited with introducing the concept of infinity and its philosophical implications.

Advaita Vedanta, propounded by Adi Shankara, emphasizes the non-dual nature of reality and the cycle of reincarnation as a means of spiritual evolution.

Nyaya, one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy, extensively explores the concept of karma and its role in shaping human destiny.

Jainism, founded by Mahavira, places great emphasis on non-violence and compassion towards all living beings.

Advaita Vedanta, propounded by Adi Shankara, emphasizes the illusory nature of the material world and the ultimate reality of the Brahman.

Advaita Vedanta, with its emphasis on non-dualism and the ultimate reality of the Brahman, considers moksha as the ultimate goal of human existence.

Mimamsa, one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy, extensively explores the concept of dharma and its role in shaping human behavior.

Jainism, founded by Mahavira, places great emphasis on the cycle of samsara and the need for liberation from it through spiritual practices.

Dvaita Vedanta, propounded by Madhvacharya, emphasizes the distinction between the individual soul and the Brahman, considering them as separate entities.

Buddhism, founded by Gautama Buddha, places great emphasis on the attainment of nirvana as the ultimate goal of human existence.

The Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Hindu text, extensively discusses the concept of karma yoga and its role in achieving spiritual liberation.

The Bhagavad Gita also discusses the concept of bhakti yoga and its role in achieving spiritual liberation through devotion to God.

The Upanishads, a collection of sacred Hindu texts, extensively discuss the concept of jnana yoga and its role in achieving spiritual liberation through knowledge of the Brahman.