Lactating women need an extra 500-1,000 calories per day to support milk production.

Protein is essential for milk production and the growth and development of the baby.

Lactose is a type of sugar that is found in breast milk and is the primary source of energy for the baby.

Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium, which is important for the development of strong bones and teeth in the baby.

Iron deficiency in lactating women can be caused by inadequate intake of iron-rich foods, poor absorption of iron, and increased blood loss.

The composition of breast milk can be affected by the mother's diet, her stress level, the baby's age, and other factors.

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding with the introduction of appropriate complementary foods up to 2 years of age or beyond.

Mastitis, thrush, and engorgement are all common breastfeeding problems that can be managed with proper care and support.

Frequent breastfeeding, proper hand hygiene, and emptying the breasts completely after each feeding can all help to prevent mastitis.

White patches on the baby's tongue or gums, painful breastfeeding, and cracked nipples can all be signs of thrush.

Frequent breastfeeding, cold compresses, and pain relievers can all help to treat engorgement.

Red meat, poultry, and fish are all good sources of iron for lactating women.

Dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and fortified foods are all good sources of calcium for lactating women.

Fatty fish, eggs, and fortified foods are all good sources of vitamin D for lactating women.

Fatty fish, flaxseed, and walnuts are all good sources of omega-3 fatty acids for lactating women.