Forced migration is the involuntary movement of people from their homes or communities due to factors such as war, persecution, or natural disasters.

Government policies, such as forced relocation, assimilation programs, and land dispossession, have historically been a major cause of tribal diaspora.

Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas, which is a common phenomenon among indigenous peoples seeking better economic opportunities and access to services.

Tribal diaspora can lead to the loss of traditional knowledge, cultural practices, and languages as indigenous peoples are separated from their traditional lands and communities.

Transnational migration is the movement of people across national borders, which is a common phenomenon among indigenous peoples seeking better economic opportunities, refuge from persecution, or to reunite with family members.

Discrimination against indigenous migrants in urban areas is a common challenge, leading to limited access to employment, education, and housing opportunities.

The Land Back Movement is a movement among indigenous peoples to reclaim their traditional lands and resources, which have been historically taken away through colonization and forced displacement.

Indigenous peoples use a variety of strategies to resist forced migration and displacement, including cultural resistance, political advocacy, legal challenges, and direct action.

Ruralization is the movement of people from urban areas to rural areas, which is a trend that has been observed among some indigenous peoples seeking to reconnect with their traditional lands and communities.

Tribal diaspora can lead to the loss of traditional languages as indigenous peoples are separated from their traditional lands and communities, where these languages are spoken and practiced.

Internal migration is the movement of people within their own country or region, which is a common phenomenon among indigenous peoples who move within their traditional territories for various reasons, such as economic opportunities, family reunification, or cultural practices.

Limited healthcare services in rural areas is a common challenge faced by indigenous migrants, leading to limited access to healthcare and poorer health outcomes.

Peri-urbanization is the movement of people to areas on the outskirts of urban areas, which is a trend that has been observed among some indigenous peoples seeking to live in close proximity to urban centers while maintaining connections to their traditional lands.

Tribal diaspora can lead to the loss of cultural identity as indigenous individuals are separated from their traditional lands, communities, and cultural practices.

Coastal migration is the movement of people to areas along the coast, which is a trend that has been observed among some indigenous peoples who rely on marine resources for their livelihoods.