Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, electroporation, and microinjection are all techniques used to introduce foreign genes into plant cells.

The Ti plasmid carries the genes necessary for DNA transfer, integrates into the plant genome, and produces opines.

Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences.

Selectable marker genes confer resistance to antibiotics, allow for the identification of transformed cells, and enhance the expression of the foreign gene.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone that promotes cell division and shoot formation.

Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and gene therapy are all processes that involve the transfer of genes from one organism to another.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA.

A promoter is a region of DNA that binds RNA polymerase and initiates transcription.

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size.

A terminator is a region of DNA that signals the end of transcription.

Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes root growth and development.

Gene transfer, genetic engineering, and recombinant DNA technology are all processes that involve the transfer of a gene from one organism to another.

Northern blotting, Southern blotting, and Western blotting are all techniques used to detect the expression of a gene.

An enhancer is a region of DNA that enhances the expression of a gene.

Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes seed germination and seedling growth.