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Structural Biology: The Study of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Biological Molecules

Description: Structural biology is the study of the three-dimensional structure of biological molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. This field of study is essential for understanding how these molecules function and interact with each other.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: structural biology biochemistry molecular biology
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Which of the following techniques is used to determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein?

  1. X-ray crystallography

  2. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy

  3. Electron microscopy

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy are all techniques that can be used to determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein.

What is the primary structure of a protein?

  1. The sequence of amino acids in the protein

  2. The three-dimensional structure of the protein

  3. The number of amino acids in the protein

  4. The molecular weight of the protein


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids in the protein.

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

  1. The arrangement of amino acids into alpha helices and beta sheets

  2. The three-dimensional structure of the protein

  3. The number of amino acids in the protein

  4. The molecular weight of the protein


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The secondary structure of a protein is the arrangement of amino acids into alpha helices and beta sheets.

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

  1. The three-dimensional structure of the protein

  2. The arrangement of amino acids into alpha helices and beta sheets

  3. The number of amino acids in the protein

  4. The molecular weight of the protein


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The tertiary structure of a protein is the three-dimensional structure of the protein.

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

  1. The arrangement of multiple protein subunits into a single complex

  2. The three-dimensional structure of the protein

  3. The number of amino acids in the protein

  4. The molecular weight of the protein


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The quaternary structure of a protein is the arrangement of multiple protein subunits into a single complex.

Which of the following is an example of a protein with a quaternary structure?

  1. Hemoglobin

  2. Myoglobin

  3. Insulin

  4. Cytochrome c


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein with a quaternary structure. It is composed of four subunits, each of which contains a heme group.

What is the function of a protein?

  1. To catalyze chemical reactions

  2. To transport molecules

  3. To provide structural support

  4. To regulate gene expression

  5. All of the above


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Proteins can have a variety of functions, including catalyzing chemical reactions, transporting molecules, providing structural support, and regulating gene expression.

Which of the following is an example of a protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction?

  1. Enzymes

  2. Antibodies

  3. Hormones

  4. Structural proteins


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions.

Which of the following is an example of a protein that transports molecules?

  1. Hemoglobin

  2. Myoglobin

  3. Insulin

  4. Cytochrome c


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Hemoglobin is a protein that transports oxygen.

Which of the following is an example of a protein that provides structural support?

  1. Collagen

  2. Elastin

  3. Keratin

  4. Myosin


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Collagen is a protein that provides structural support.

Which of the following is an example of a protein that regulates gene expression?

  1. Transcription factors

  2. Repressors

  3. Activators

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Transcription factors, repressors, and activators are all proteins that regulate gene expression.

What is the difference between a protein and a polypeptide?

  1. A protein is a single polypeptide chain, while a polypeptide is a chain of amino acids that has not yet been folded into a functional protein.

  2. A protein is a chain of amino acids that has been folded into a functional protein, while a polypeptide is a single polypeptide chain.

  3. There is no difference between a protein and a polypeptide.

  4. Proteins and polypeptides are both chains of amino acids.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A protein is a chain of amino acids that has been folded into a functional protein, while a polypeptide is a single polypeptide chain.

What is the difference between a protein and an enzyme?

  1. A protein is a single polypeptide chain, while an enzyme is a protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction.

  2. A protein is a chain of amino acids that has been folded into a functional protein, while an enzyme is a single polypeptide chain.

  3. There is no difference between a protein and an enzyme.

  4. Proteins and enzymes are both chains of amino acids.


Correct Option:
Explanation:

A protein is a chain of amino acids that has been folded into a functional protein, while an enzyme is a protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction.

What is the difference between a protein and a nucleic acid?

  1. A protein is a chain of amino acids, while a nucleic acid is a chain of nucleotides.

  2. A protein is a chain of amino acids that has been folded into a functional protein, while a nucleic acid is a single polypeptide chain.

  3. There is no difference between a protein and a nucleic acid.

  4. Proteins and nucleic acids are both chains of amino acids.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A protein is a chain of amino acids, while a nucleic acid is a chain of nucleotides.

What is the difference between a protein and a carbohydrate?

  1. A protein is a chain of amino acids, while a carbohydrate is a chain of sugars.

  2. A protein is a chain of amino acids that has been folded into a functional protein, while a carbohydrate is a single polypeptide chain.

  3. There is no difference between a protein and a carbohydrate.

  4. Proteins and carbohydrates are both chains of amino acids.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A protein is a chain of amino acids, while a carbohydrate is a chain of sugars.

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