India is rich in mineral resources, including coal, iron ore, copper, and many others.

Mineral resource extraction in India is carried out using both open-pit and underground mining methods, depending on the specific mineral and geological conditions.

Mineral resource extraction can lead to soil erosion, soil contamination, and loss of soil fertility, all of which can have negative impacts on agricultural productivity and environmental health.

Mineral resource extraction can release various contaminants into the soil, including heavy metals, chemicals, and radioactive materials, which can pose risks to human health and the environment.

Soil erosion can lead to the loss of topsoil, reduced soil fertility, and increased water runoff, all of which can negatively impact agricultural productivity.

Mitigating the impacts of mineral resource extraction on soil resources involves employing proper mining techniques, implementing revegetation programs, and implementing erosion control measures.

Odisha is known for its rich iron ore reserves and is a major producer of iron ore in India.

Coal extracted in India is primarily used for power generation, steel production, cement production, and various other industrial purposes.

Rajasthan is known for its copper reserves and is a major producer of copper in India.

Soil contamination can lead to respiratory problems, skin irritations, cancer, and various other health issues when humans come into contact with contaminated soil.

Soil erosion in areas with mineral resource extraction can be caused by deforestation, mining activities, overgrazing, and other factors.

Jharkhand is known for its coal reserves and is a major producer of coal in India.

Mineral resource extraction can lead to air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, and various other environmental impacts.

Revegetation helps mitigate the impacts of mineral resource extraction on soil resources by preventing soil erosion, improving soil fertility, and enhancing biodiversity.

Erosion control measures help mitigate the impacts of mineral resource extraction on soil resources by reducing soil loss, improving water quality, and preventing sedimentation.