The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) is a federal agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior that is responsible for managing tribal lands and resources, as well as providing various services to Native Americans.

The Constitution of the United States, specifically Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with Native American tribes.

Tribal sovereignty refers to the inherent right of Native American tribes to govern themselves and make their own laws.

Federal trust responsibility is the legal obligation of the United States government to protect and preserve tribal lands and resources, as well as to provide services and benefits to Native Americans.

The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA) of 1975 is a federal law that promotes self-determination and self-governance among Native American tribes by providing funding for tribal programs and services.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832) was a landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of tribal sovereignty and the right of tribes to govern themselves.

Tribal self-determination refers to the process of transferring federal authority over Native American affairs to tribal governments, allowing tribes to exercise greater control over their own affairs.

The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) of 1988 is a federal law that regulates gaming activities on tribal lands, including casinos and other forms of gambling.

Indian country refers to the legal relationship between a Native American tribe and a state government, defining the boundaries of tribal jurisdiction and authority.

The Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) of 1978 is a federal law that protects the rights of Native American children in child welfare cases, including placement and adoption.

Tribal-state compacts are agreements negotiated between Native American tribes and state governments, covering various areas such as gaming, taxation, and natural resource management.

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) of 1990 is a federal law that protects and repatriates Native American human remains and cultural items to their rightful tribal owners.

Federal trust responsibility refers to the legal relationship between a Native American tribe and the federal government, which includes the obligation of the United States to protect and preserve tribal lands and resources.

The American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA) of 1978 is a federal law that protects the religious freedom of Native Americans, including the right to practice traditional ceremonies and use sacred sites.

Tribal-state mediation is a process of resolving disputes between Native American tribes and state governments through negotiation and facilitated discussions.