The primary function of housing is to provide shelter and living space for individuals and families, enabling them to live and thrive in a safe and comfortable environment.

Housing demand is influenced by a combination of factors, including population growth and demographics, economic conditions and income levels, and government policies and regulations.

The housing wealth effect refers to the relationship between housing prices and the overall level of economic activity. When housing prices increase, homeowners experience an increase in their wealth, which can lead to increased consumer spending and economic growth.

Common measures of housing affordability include the median home price to median household income ratio, the monthly mortgage payment to income ratio, and the debt-to-income ratio.

Condominium conversion is the process of converting rental housing units into owner-occupied units, typically through the sale of individual units within a multi-unit building.

Common types of government intervention in the housing market include rent control, zoning regulations, and subsidized housing programs.

Gentrification refers to the phenomenon of rising housing prices in urban areas, often leading to the displacement of low-income residents and changes in the character of the neighborhood.

Common types of housing tenure include homeownership, renting, and co-housing.

Urbanization refers to the process of moving people from rural areas to urban areas, often driven by economic opportunities and the desire for a better quality of life.

Common types of housing finance instruments include mortgages, home equity loans, and reverse mortgages.

Suburbanization refers to the process of moving people from urban areas to suburban areas, often driven by the desire for more space, better schools, and a lower cost of living.

Common types of housing policies aimed at addressing affordability concerns include rent control, inclusionary zoning, and community land trusts.

Suburban sprawl refers to the phenomenon of rising housing prices in suburban areas, often leading to the displacement of low-income residents and the creation of sprawling, car-dependent communities.

Common types of housing cooperatives include worker cooperatives, housing cooperatives, and consumer cooperatives.

Neighborhood change refers to the phenomenon of moving people from one neighborhood to another within the same city, often driven by factors such as changing demographics, economic conditions, and housing preferences.