In India, the primary language of instruction for mathematics in most schools is the regional language of the state in which the school is located.

Students learning mathematics in a language other than their mother tongue may face challenges such as difficulty in understanding mathematical concepts, lack of vocabulary related to mathematics, and misinterpretation of mathematical symbols and terms.

Using the mother tongue in mathematics education can benefit students by enhancing their understanding of mathematical concepts, improving their problem-solving skills, and increasing their confidence in learning mathematics.

Communication plays a crucial role in mathematics education by facilitating the exchange of mathematical ideas, promoting mathematical reasoning and problem-solving, and encouraging collaboration and peer learning.

Teachers can promote effective communication in mathematics classrooms by using clear and concise language, encouraging students to ask questions and express their ideas, and providing opportunities for students to collaborate and discuss mathematical concepts.

Teachers may face challenges in promoting effective communication in mathematics classrooms due to large class sizes, diverse linguistic backgrounds of students, and lack of resources and support.

Technology can be used to enhance language and communication in mathematics education by providing interactive and engaging learning resources, facilitating collaboration and communication among students, and offering personalized learning experiences.

Best practices for teaching mathematics in a multilingual classroom include using a variety of teaching methods and strategies, providing multilingual resources and support, and encouraging students to use their home language in mathematics.

Parents and guardians can support their children's language and communication development in mathematics by talking to them about mathematics in their home language, encouraging them to read and write about mathematics, and playing math games and activities with them.

Ongoing initiatives and policies in India aimed at improving language and communication in mathematics education include the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005, the Right to Education Act (RTE) 2009, and the National Policy on Education (NEP) 2020.

Research can contribute to improving language and communication in mathematics education in India by investigating the impact of language on mathematics learning, developing effective teaching strategies for multilingual classrooms, and examining the role of technology in enhancing communication.

Researchers studying language and communication in mathematics education in India may face challenges such as lack of funding and resources, diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, and limited access to research participants.

Collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and educators can contribute to improving language and communication in mathematics education in India by developing evidence-based policies and practices, informing teacher education programs, and creating innovative teaching and learning resources.

Future directions for research in language and communication in mathematics education in India include exploring the use of technology to enhance communication, investigating the impact of language on mathematical problem-solving, and examining the role of culture in mathematics education.

To ensure that all students in India have access to high-quality mathematics education that supports their language and communication needs, we need to invest in teacher education and professional development, provide multilingual resources and support, and create inclusive and supportive learning environments.