The halberd was a versatile weapon with an axe blade, a hook, and a spike, making it effective against both infantry and cavalry.

Castles were fortified structures designed to protect against enemy attacks and served as centers of power and control.

The Battle of Agincourt (1415) was a decisive victory for the English against the French, marking a shift in the balance of power during the Hundred Years' War.

Knights were heavily armored mounted warriors who formed the elite cavalry units in medieval armies.

The trebuchet was a powerful siege weapon used to hurl large projectiles at enemy fortifications.

Moats were filled with water or mud to impede the movement of enemy cavalry and prevent direct attacks on castle walls.

Lances were long, pointed weapons used by mounted knights to pierce through enemy armor during cavalry charges.

Drawbridges were used to control access to castles, allowing defenders to raise or lower the bridge to prevent enemy entry.

Swords were versatile weapons used for both cutting and thrusting attacks in close-quarters combat.

Portcullises were heavy iron gates used to block entrances to castles and protect against enemy attacks.

Catapults were used to launch projectiles at enemy fortifications, such as castle walls and towers.

Battering rams were used to break down enemy fortifications, such as gates and walls, during sieges.

Pikes were long spears used by infantry to defend against cavalry charges, forming a dense formation called a pike square.

Siege towers were movable structures used to allow attackers to reach the top of castle walls during sieges.

Crossbows were mechanical weapons used to launch arrows or bolts with great force and accuracy.