EIA is primarily conducted to identify and evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, considering both beneficial and adverse effects.

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is the primary legislation in India that mandates the requirement for Environmental Impact Assessment for certain categories of projects or developments.

Scoping is an initial step in the EIA process that aims to identify the significant environmental impacts of a proposed project, focusing on the key issues that require detailed assessment.

Public participation and consultation are typically conducted during the EIA process, but they are not formally included as a component of the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

Public participation in the EIA process involves providing feedback on the proposed project and its potential impacts, reviewing and commenting on the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), and suggesting mitigation measures to address potential environmental impacts.

Public opinion surveys are not typically used as a method to assess the significance of environmental impacts in EIA. Instead, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, and expert judgment are commonly employed.

Mitigation measures in EIA serve to eliminate or reduce potential environmental impacts, compensate for unavoidable environmental impacts, and monitor and manage environmental impacts during project implementation.

Public awareness campaigns are not typically considered a mitigation measure in EIA. Instead, pollution control technologies, habitat restoration, and relocation of affected species are common types of mitigation measures.

Monitoring and evaluation in the EIA process serve to ensure that mitigation measures are implemented effectively, assess the actual environmental impacts of a project, and identify any unforeseen environmental impacts.

Payment of environmental compensation is not typically a requirement for obtaining environmental clearance in India. Instead, submission of an EIA report, public hearing for projects with significant environmental impacts, and approval from the MoEFCC are common requirements.

Cumulative impact assessment in EIA is significant because it allows for the assessment of the combined effects of multiple projects or activities on the environment, identification of potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions among different environmental impacts, and development of comprehensive mitigation strategies that address cumulative impacts.

Absence of clear and enforceable environmental standards is not typically a common challenge faced in the implementation of EIA. Instead, lack of technical expertise in conducting EIAs, insufficient public participation and engagement, and inadequate consideration of cumulative impacts are common challenges.

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) plays a role in the EIA process by assessing the environmental impacts of policies, plans, and programs, identifying potential conflicts between different policies and plans, and promoting sustainable development and decision-making.

Economic growth is not a key principle of sustainable development. Instead, intergenerational equity, intragenerational equity, and environmental protection are considered fundamental principles of sustainable development.

Post-project monitoring in EIA serves to assess the long-term environmental impacts of a project, ensure that mitigation measures are implemented effectively, and identify any unforeseen environmental impacts.