U.S. involvement in World War II in 1941

the Depression of 1929

the atomic age with the bombing of Hiroshima in 1945

World War I in 1914

the great blackout in New York City in 1976

A court-packing scheme

An end to speculation in stocks an the stock market

A decrease in unemployment

The establishment of the Social Security system

A bank holiday

philosophy of Herbert Hoover

practice of laissez-faire by the government

combination of relief, recovery, and reform

idea that wars end depression

importance of gaining the approval of Congress before he established his programs

A sharp drop in business activity along with rising unemployment

A large influx of foreign capital

An unpredicted increase in exports with a decline in imports

A lowering of interest rates

The laws of supply and demand

Government-sponsored lotteries give people a chance to get rich.

Lowering the top income tax rates will spur economic growth.

Government programs that hire the unemployed lower the poverty rates.

Lowering the bottom income tax rates encour ages spending.

Low-interest government loans spur economic growth.

use nonviolent civil disobedience to oppose racial segregation

send aid to antifascist groups in Europe

force all "subversive" groups to register with the government

ban women from working outside the home until all able-bodied men had work.

provide a monthly stipend to everyone in the United States over 60 years old

Depression

Recession

Period of prosperity

Recovery

Bank crisis

declare a bank holiday

establish the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

establish Social Security

establish the National Recovery Administration

pack the Supreme Court

President Theodore Roosevelt's policy in regard to Latin America.

President John F. Kennedy's policy in regard to Vietnam.

President Andrew Jackson's policy in regard to Native American nations.

President George H. W. Bush's policy in regard to Saudi Arabia.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower's policy in regard to the Soviet Union.

Civil Works Administration

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

National Labor Relations Act

Farm Security Administration

Federal Housing Administration

the justices were too inexperienced to deal with the Great Depression.

the court had declared some New Deal legislation unconstitutional.

Roosevelt felt that Congress had become more powerful than the president.

the court refused to allow the president to implement the Lend-Lease Act.

the court had demonstrated liberal tendencies in interpreting the New Deal legislation.

doing nothing.

encouraging unions to organize.

establishing extensive federal relief programs to meet the emergency.

building Hoovervilles to shelter the homeless in all the large cities.

providing loans to industry to restart production.

elaborate musicals, such as Gold Diggers of 1933, with lavish dance numbers and opulent sets, which suggested that better times were just around the corner.

earnest films, such as Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, which suggested that the problems of the era could be solved by old-fashioned values rather than sweeping political or economic change.

bright, animated films, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, which offered Americans an escape from the drudgery of daily life.

zany comedies, such as Duck Soup, which created an anarchic world that mocked authority at a time when traditional authorities seemed to be unable to provide answers to the day's problems.

gritty gangster movies, such as The Public Enemy, which presented a lonely, often cruel world of urban decay and violence.

William McKinley

William Howard Taft

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Calvin Coolidge

securing the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty with Panama to build a canal through Panama.

brokering a peace treaty between Russia and Japan.

establishing a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine asserting a U.S. right to intervene in Latin American affairs.

popularizing the expression "speak softly but carry a big stick" in regard to dealing with foreign nations.

negotiating a treaty with Spain following the Spanish-American War.

replace the New Deal farm price supports, which had been declared unconstitutional.

help raise the prices of farm goods so that farmers could survive the Depression.

provide new equipment so farmers could grow more crops.

give loans to farmers who planted crops that were needed in cities.

ensure that all farmers who wanted to relocate to more fertile land could move without difficulty.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

James Garfield

Grover Cleveland

James K. Polk

Theodore Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson

Herbert Hoover

Harry Truman

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Franklin D. Roosevelt

campaigns that argued the New Deal did not go far enough.

local programs under the auspices of the New Deal.

labor organizations formed by the Communist Party.

conservative attacks on the "dictatorial" New Deal.

women's organizations that thought male-dominated organizations did not understand the realities of poverty.

providing federal funds for banks

working with the Federal Farm Board to help farmers stabilize prices

encouraging volunteerism

meeting with business leaders to ask them not to reduce wages

expanding the federal government to provide help for the needy

Coerced France into giving up its claims on building the canal.

Militarily conquered the Canal Zone in order to build the canal with no outside interference.

Backed Panamanian independence from Colombia in order to get a better financial offer to build the canal.

Was in a tight competition to finish building the canal before the English efforts to build a canal in Nicaragua succeeded.

Declared that only countries that put money towards the building of the canal would get to use it.

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA).

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

Social Security Administration.

Federal Reserve System.

Believed that the separation of the races was in the best interests of all concerned.

Resented the fact that African Americans voted for the Republican Party in 1936.

Believed the role of the federal government in society should be minimal.

Believed that Progressive-era reformers had successfully addressed the problem of segregation.

Feared losing the support of the Southern Democrats in Congress.

FDR's introduction of his "Second" New Deal.

The re-election of FDR to an unprecedented third term in office.

The 1934 mid-term congressional elections.

The "Court packing" Bill.

The Supreme Court's rulings overturning New Deal legislation.

Restricting farm production through voluntary cooperation by farmers

Increasing farm production to meet growing demand

Reducing farm production by paying farmers to plant fewer crops

Lowering the tariffs to increase the sale of agricultural products abroad

Teaching farmers industrial skills so that they could leave the land

Declare a bank holiday

Establish the Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Establish Social Security

Establish the National Recovery Administration

Pack the Supreme Court

the Democrats lost control of the House but retained a majority in the Senate

the South became solidly Democratic

business leaders promised to support the new reforms of the Second New Deal

African Americans became an essential part of the New Deal coalition

Midwest farmers abandoned the Democratic Party because of Roosevelt's agricultural policy

The end of World War I

The rice of fascism

The collapse of the American stock market

Rapid Japanese industrialism

The onset of World War II

were overwhelmingly effective in ending unemployment

had a limited effect on ending the Depression

led the United States into World War II

were strongly supported by the Supreme Court

led to the establishment of the Federal Reserve System

U.S.A. once again became an economic power

Friendship between U.S.A. and China improved

America entered into World War II

America lost its hold on Pearl Harbour

Political parties were reorganized into single, national parties to tackle the problem with unified efforts

Public works projects were immediately launched to counteract the negative economic effects

Legislatures passed measures allowing for more open trade with reduced tariffs to stimulate the economy

Conservative political measures were largely replaced by leftist socialist policies in most countries

European holdings in Africa and Asia were decolonized to liberate spending for the home economies.

FDR believed in rugged individualism, while Herbert Hoover believed that the individual was capable of raising himself/herself above the Depression

Herbert Hoover believed that the government and the people had a duty to help those suffering from the depression, while FDR believed in laissez-faire

FDR supported the idea of "priming the pump" with government money to end the Depression, while Herbert Hoover believed in direct relief to the people suffering from the Depression

Herbert Hoover believed in rugged individualism, while FDR believed in "priming the pump" with government funds to end the Depression

FDR was willing to take control of legislation to end the Depression even without the support of Congress, while Herbert Hoover believed in expanding the powers of the presidency to deal with the Depression

Creation of machinery for maintaining full employment

Transformation of a business-dominated society into a labor-dominated one

Redistribution of population from urban centers to rural areas

Development of new attitudes about the role and function of government

Destruction of machine politics at the state and city levels

Closure of banks

Closure of factories

Over production and fall of agricultural prices

Crash ofstock market

None of these

Found good jobs and soon returned to prosperity

Competed with thousands like themselves for poorly paid work

Got arrested protesting unfair working conditions

Crossed the border into Mexico to find work

Petitioned the White House for help in fighting the growers' association

USA

USSR

UK

China

people were able to survive hard times through their inner strength and resources

the government should give direct aid to the people in hard times

all of the basic needs of the people are the sole responsibility of the government

difficult times called for exceptional individuals to exercise power

the government and the people are partners who must share equal responsibility for the well-being of the populace

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Social Security Administration

Federal Reserve System

Feudal

Capitalist

Socialist

Social Security