Categories of diseases - class-X
Pneumonia is an example of
-
Communicable disease
-
Non-communicable disease
-
Epidemic disease
-
Contagious disease
Pneumonia can cause by a virus, fungi, bacteria, etc. They can be transmitted from a contaminated person to a healthy person by sneezing, coughing, contaminated objects, air, etc. Thus it is considered as a communicable disease. So, the correct answer is option A.
Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodised salt in food.
-
True
-
False
Simple goitre is caused due to the lack of iodine in the diet which causes hypothyroidism. It is a deficiency disease and is easily reversible by a proper intake of iodine. Iodine helps in the synthesis of thyroxine hormone. Due to the above-stated reasons, the answer is true.
Which of the following is an infectious disease?
-
Coronary thrombosis
-
Cancer
-
Diabetes mellitus
-
Diptheria
- Infectious diseases are those diseases which are caused by microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, virus, parasites.
- Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheria. It affects the mucous membrane of the throat and upper respiratory tract. Coronary thrombosis is caused due to accumulation of cholesterol in the walls of arteries.
- Cancer is caused by mutation, radiation, etc. Diabetes mellitus is caused by insufficient production of insulin.
Read the given statement and select the option that correctly identifies true (T) and false (F) ones
(i) Hepatitis virus primarily affects the liver.
(ii) Grave's disease occurs due to hyposecretion of thyroid hormones
(iii) Cheilosis occurs due to defficiency of vitamin B
(iv) Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease whereas anthrax is a viral disease.
-
(i) - T,(ii) -F,(iii)-T,(iv)-F
-
(i) - T,(ii) - T,(iii)- F,(iv)-F
-
(i) - T,(ii) -F,(iii)-F,(iv)-F
-
(i) - T,(ii) -T,(iii)-F,(iv)-T
(i) Hepatitis primarily affects liver - true
Select the infectious disease among the following.
-
Diabetics
-
Allergy
-
Influenza
-
Arthritis
Infectious diseases are those that can spread from a diseased person to a healthy person. They are also called communicable diseases.
Jaundice is a/an.
-
Disease Caused by Protozoans
-
Non-Communicable disease
-
Infectious disease
-
Bacterial disease in human
Jaundice is a non-communicable infectious disease that is caused due to excessive secretion of bilirubin, that is not completely filtered by the blood. It is mostly caused due to Hepatitis virus, that infects the hepatic system.
Hay fever is caused by indoor allergens
-
True
-
False
- Hay fever is an allergic reaction caused by pollen dust or indoor allergens.
- Such allergens cause the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose.
- The main symptoms include a runny nose and watery eyes.
- So, the correct answer is 'True'.
Iodine deficiency in our diet results in ________ and enlargement of _______ gland, commonly called _________.
-
Hyperthyroidism; thyroid; goitre
-
Hypothyroidism; thyroid; goitre
-
Hypoparathyroidism; parathyroid; goitre
-
Hyperthyroidism; thyroid; acromegaly
Toxins (saxitoxins) secreted by some dinoflagellates enter the body of human beings through food chain and result in
-
Madness
-
Paralysis
-
Syphilis
-
Plague
Genus Alexandreum of dinoflagellates secretes neurotoxin saxitoxins which are the causative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Molluscs such as mussels and clams feed on a large number of dinoflagellates, human consumption of those molluscs causes paralysis.
Mad cow disease caused by a
-
Bacterium
-
Prion
-
Worm
-
Virus
The causative agent of mad-cow disease is a prion. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease or encephalopathy in cattle that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. It is caused due to a prion. A prion is an infectious agent, specifically a protein in a misfolded form. The protein itself, whether in its misfolded or its correctly folded form, can be referred to as the prion protein (PrP). A protein as an infectious agent stands in contrast to all other known infectious agents, like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasitesall of which must contain nucleic acids.
Deficiency of folic acid the leads to a reduction in the number of leucocytes. This condition is called
-
Leukaemia
-
Leucopenia
-
Polycythemia
-
Tay-sac disease
Leukaemia is blood cancer.
Polycythemia is an abnormally increased concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.
Tay-sachs disease is hexosaminidase A deficiency.
Leucopenia is a reduction in the number of white blood cells (leucocytes) caused by the deficiency of folic acid.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Which is a air borne disease?
-
A.I.D.S.
-
Asthma
-
Jacob syndrome
-
Thalassemia
AIDS is caused by HIV virus and transmits sexually.
Jacob syndrome is characterized by an extra copy of Y chromosome in a male. Thalassemia is an inherited autosomal recessive blood disorder characterized by abnormal formation of hemoglobin. Whereas asthma is a respiratory condition caused by attacks of spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. One of its cause is coming in contact with some air-borne allergens or exposure to some viral infections in infancy or in early childhood when the immune system is developing.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Which of the following diseases does not require use of antibiotics ?
-
diphtheria
-
typhoid
-
tuberculosis
-
malaria.
Antibiotics are used against bacterial diseases and malaria is a protozoan disease.
Severity of disease symptoms depends upon
-
number of microbes
-
target organ
-
both of these
-
none of these.
The severity of the disease manifestations depends on the number of microbes present in the body. Smaller is the number of microbes in the body, lesser are the symptoms of a disease. On the contrary, if microbe exists in large number in the body, disease can be severe and life-risking.
Which of the statements listed below is true about a common cold ?
-
common cold is not contagious
-
the common cold virus does not have its own RNA
-
common cold usually takes two months to clear up
-
the common cold virus can leave the body through the mucus of infected people.
Common cold spreads through the mucus of the infected people during sneezing and coughing.
Communicable diseases are non-infectious.
-
True
-
False
A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another. Communicable diseases are infectious.
Which of the following is a communicable disease?
-
Common cold
-
Chicken pox
-
Cancer
-
Both A and B
Communicable diseases are the disease that can spread from one person t another by any means of body or blood contact common cold can spread by sneezing in public without covering mouth and chicken pox spreads in the same manner as the cold by sneezing it can also spread through the fluid from the blisters.
Which of the following is non-communicable disease?
-
Allergy
-
Malaria
-
Diarrhoea
-
Tuberculosis
An allergy is a non-communicable disease and is a medical condition that makes a person feels unwell, when they eat or come in contact with a particular substance like itchy ears and eyes, eating of food like milk and egg. It occurs when the body’s immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance.
Which of the following is a communicable disease?
-
Phenylketoneuria
-
Cancer
-
Rabies
-
Alkaptonuria
Communicable diseases spread from one person to another or from an animal to a person. The spread often happens via airborne viruses or bacteria, but also through blood or other bodily fluid. The terms infectious and contagious are also used to describe communicable disease.
An infectious disease which is vector borne and is transmited to vertebrates by another animal is
-
Polio
-
Mumps
-
Cholera
-
Malaria
Rabies is caused by rabies virus. It is caused due to an animal bite which readily transfers the pathogens to the blood of the infected. Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the mouth, nose, or eyes. Infected vertebrates like birds, rodents, other larger animals mainly dogs are the most common animal involved. The rabies virus travels to the brain by following the peripheral nerves and affect the neurological junctions.
Thiamine deficiency produces
-
Pellagra
-
Osteomalacia
-
Scurvy
-
Beriberi
Of the following diseases, which one is least infectious?
-
Leprosy
-
Tuberculosis
-
Conjunctivitis
-
Hepatitis
Leprosy is an infectious disease. It affects the peripheral nerves, skin, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and nasal mucosa. It is caused by a bacillus bacterium known as Mycobacterium leprae. It can be considered as a mild infection because it can be easily cured by the drugs like dapsone.
Deficiency diseases are
-
Communicable diseases
-
Non communicable diseases
-
Allergies
-
None of the above
Deficiency diseases are the diseases that are caused due to deficiency of vitamin or minerals in the food and is not a communicable disease as it cannot be transferred for person to person by touch or any fluid as it is not caused by any bacteria or virus.
In goitre, there is swelling of the
-
Eyes
-
Limbs
-
Abdomen
-
Thyroid gland
A goiter is an abnormal swelling of the thyroid gland that causes a lump to form in the neck. There can be many possible causes including an under or overactive thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency
So, the correct answer is 'Thyroid gland'
A person will suffer from beriberi, rickets and scurvy if he is not consuming adequate amounts of
-
Vitamin B$ _6$, A and C
-
Vitamin B$ _1$, D and C
-
Vitamin A, B$ _1$ and E
-
Vitamin B$ _6$, A and K
Beriberi is a deficiency disorder of thiamine (vitamin B$ _{1}$) that affects many systems of the body, including the muscles, heart, nerves, and digestive system. Rickets is defective mineralization or calcification of bones due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D. Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C. Scurvy presents initially with fatigue, followed by formation of spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from the mucous membranes. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
A patient suffering from a chronic disease
-
Suffers from disease for a very long period
-
Has abrupt attack of disease
-
Suffers from disease for short period
-
None of the above
A chronic condition is a severe disturbance in the metabolism of the body which is long lasting. The term chronic is usually applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months. Such chronic disease cannot be cured easily.
Which of the following is a chronic disease?
-
Cold
-
Asthma
-
Diabetes
-
Both B and C
Chronic disease is a long-lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured. The term chronic is usually applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months. Common chronic diseases include arthritis, asthma, cancer, diabetes and viral diseases such as hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS.
Droplet infection is a type of
-
Direct transmission
-
Indirect transmission
-
Vector transmission
-
None of the above
Droplet infection is the infection which is transmitted by the oral discharge during coughing and sneezing. It is a direct method of infection where the pathogens are easily transmitted from the carrier to the healthy host.
Hay fever and asthma belong to the category of
-
Deficiency diseases
-
Degenerative diseases
-
Hormonal diseases
-
Allergies
Asthma is a respiratory condition marked by attacks of spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It is usually connected to the allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity. Hay fever is the common name for allergic rhinitis. It is an allergic reaction to allergens, or triggers, breathed in through the nose. When one of these allergens is breathed in, there is an immune response in the lining of the nose. This causes the nasal passages to become swollen and inflamed. Asthma and hayfever are closely linked, and approximately 80% of people with asthma also suffer from hayfever.
The disease which begins abruptly and lasts only for a short duration is known as
-
Chronic disease
-
Acute disease
-
Congenital disease
-
Tumor
Which of the following diseases are classified as acute diseases?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Cancer
C. Common cold
D. Viral fever
The correct one is
-
B and C
-
B and D
-
A and B
-
A and D
Tuberculosis (TB) is an acute or chronic infection caused by the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Viral fever is an acute viral infection. The most common viral fever is the seasonal flu. The virus is spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The common cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract which primarily affects the nose. It usually resolves in seven to ten days, with some symptoms lasting up to three weeks. Examples of chronic illnesses are cancer, AIDS, kidney disease and diabetes.
Use of iodised salt is to prevent
-
Rickets
-
Scurvy
-
Goitre
-
Acromegaly
Goiter is the condition caused by the deficiency of thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland (a gland in the neck that produces hormones) needs iodine that helps to manufacture thyroid hormones (chemicals released into the bloodstream that controls the body's growth and metabolism). If our body doesn't receive enough iodine, our thyroid gland becomes underactive and increases in size called as goiter.
________ is a chronic disease.
-
Common cold
-
Parkinsons
-
Viral fever
-
All of the above
Parkinson is a disease which can stay for a lifetime. Hence, it is a chronic disease. Therefore, (b) is the correct answer.
Chronic diseases can be prevented by
-
Educating the people
-
Creating awareness
-
Both A and B
-
Conducting meetings
Public health programs are important in educating the public and promoting healthy lifestyles and awareness about chronic diseases like cancer diabetes. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.
Chronic diseases are a major cause of
-
Growth retardation
-
Death
-
Dullness
-
All of the above
Ailments which can last for a long time, as much as a lifetime are called as chronic diseases. These are mainly caused due to severe metabolic disorder. The term chronic is usually applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months. chronic diseases constitute a major cause of mortality, chronic non-communicable conditions to be by far the leading cause of mortality in the world.
Chronic diseases are said to stay for ....... duration.
-
Short
-
Long
-
Fortnight
-
None of the above
Ailments which can last for a long time, as much as a lifetime are called as chronic diseases. These are mainly caused due to severe metabolic disorder.
Infectious diseases are caused by _______
-
Animals
-
Birds
-
Micro organisms
-
All of the above
Infectious diseases are disorders caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.
Which of the following is an acute disease?
-
Diabetes
-
Cancer
-
Alzheimers
-
Common cold
Common cold persist for a very short duration. Hence, it is an acute disease. Other mentioned diseases Diabetes Cancer and Alzheimers persists for a very long duration. Therefore, (d) is the correct answer.
Can lead to rise in the risk of chronic diseases ?
-
Obesity
-
Heart attack
-
Fever
-
None of these
A particular concern is the rising rates of overweight and obesity. Obesity itself is a medical condition and not a disease, but it constitutes a major risk factor for developing chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, stroke etc. Therefore, (a) is the correct answer.
How non-infectious disease is wrongly compared to chronic disease ?
-
Because chronic disease are only infectious
-
Non-infectious disease does not cause death
-
Duration is not always long in non-infectious disease
-
All of the above
Sometimes, NCDs result in rapid deaths as seen in certain diseases such as heart diseases, stroke, cancers etc. NCDs are distinguished only by their non-infectious cause, and not necessarily by their duration. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.
Column I | Column II |
---|---|
I. Chronic disease | (i) Ebola |
II. Acute disease | (ii) Asthma |
III. Communicable disease | (iii) Osteoporosis |
IV. Non-communicable disease | (iv) Common cold |
-
I- (i), II- (ii),III- (iii), IV- (iv)
-
I- (ii), II- (iv), III- (i), IV- (iii)
-
I- (iii), II- (i), III- (iv), IV- (ii)
-
Both B and C
The correct answer is 'both B and C'
Which of the following are infectious and noninfectious diseases respectively?
-
Typhoid and AIDS
-
AIDS and cancer
-
Pneumonia and malaria
-
Cancer and arthritis
Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. AIDS which is caused by HIV is an infectious disease.
Airborne route results in transimission of ___________ diseases.
-
Contagious
-
Endemic
-
Non-communicable
-
None of the above
A contagious disease is a subset category of transmissible diseases (can transmit from person to another), usually infections or some non-infection diseases, which are transmitted to other persons, either by physical contact with the person suffering the disease, or by casual contact with their secretions or objects touched by them or airborne route among other routes.
Contagious disease is a form of ........... disease.
-
Non communicable
-
Transmissible
-
Chronic
-
Acquired
Which of the following term is used for the disease which spread from one person to another?
-
Chronic
-
Communicable
-
Acquired
-
Non communicable
Pick out a case of healthy state of an individual.
-
Mr. X is recovering from an infectious disease.
-
Mr. Y takes insulin injection everyday .
-
Mrs. Z is very depressed.
-
Mr. K does his duty and spends time joyfully.
.............. is produced as a result of allergic reaction
-
Histamine
-
Nor-epinephrine
-
Glucocorticoid
-
Mineralocorticoid
Histamine is a nitrogenous compound which gives a local immune response. Histamine is involved in the inflammatory response as well as it acts as a neurotransmitter. As a part of the immune response to foreign pathogens, histamine is produced by the mast cells and the basophil cells in the nearby connective tissue against the allergic reaction. Sneezing happens because of histamine-associated sensory neural stimulation.
Condition in which inflammation of vermiform appendix of the digestive system occurs is
-
Amoebic dysentery
-
Appendicitis
-
Intestinal cancer
-
Appendectomy
Appendicitis or epityphlitis is inflammation of the vermiform appendix. The inflamed appendix is filled with pus and causing pain. The symptom of appendicitis includes abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and decreased appetite.
A deficiency disease which causes drying up of skin and hair is
-
Pellagra
-
Beri-beri
-
Scurvy
-
Anorexia
A. Pellagra is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B-3 and it causes dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis (three Ds).
Beri-beri is debility due to deficiency of
-
Biotin
-
Thiamine
-
Riboflavin
-
Nicotinamide
An endogenous chemical agent of disease is
-
Uric acid
-
Protein deficiency
-
Vitamin deficiency
-
Pollutants
Endogenous chemical agents are those that originate from within the organism, tissue or cell. Endogenous chemical agents and genetic mutations are collectively called intrinsic or internal factors affecting human health. The diseases caused by intrinsic factors are called organic or metabolic diseases. Chemicals which may be endogenous are urea, uric acid, hormones and enzymes. Uric acid is produced within the body of human beings and if it does not get eliminated by kidneys, then it may result in a serious disease known as gout which is due to the accumulation of uric acid in joints.
Type I and Type II diabetes differ from one another in that
-
Type I reduce body weight and type II increases body weight
-
Type I does not produce diabetic ketoacidosis while type II produces it
-
Type I increases body weight and type II reduces body weight
-
None of the above
Non-infectious disease is a kind of disease which are not caused by pathogens. Instead they are caused by lifestyle factors, environmental toxins or gene mutations.
A man suffering from diabetes mellitus drinks water more frequently as he has to eliminate from the blood extra:
-
salts
-
glucose
-
insulin
-
glucagon
- Diabetes mellitus is commonly known as diabetes.
- It is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
- Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.
- When you have diabetes, excess sugar (glucose) builds up in your blood. If your kidneys can't keep up, the excess sugar is excreted into your urine, dragging along fluids from your tissues. Hence, A man suffering from diabetes mellitus drinks water more frequently as he has to eliminate from the blood extra glucose.
Metabolic reactions tak place
-
In vitro
-
In vivo
-
Both (a) an d(b)
-
Only in unicellular organisms
Metabolic reactions are those chemical reactions through which a complex substance break into smaller molecules and produces the energy which helps in completing the life cycle of an organism. Metabolic reactions can take place in a living system e.g. digestion and respiration in the living organism. metabolic reactions also take place in an isolated cell-free system e.g. reactions take place in the test tube. Metabolic reactions take place in unicellular as well as multicellular organisms.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given:
List-I | List-II | ||
---|---|---|---|
A. | Malaria | 1. | Bone marrow |
B. | Filaria | 2. | Brain |
C. | Encephalitis | 3. | Muscle |
D. | Leukaemia | 4. | Lymph node |
5. | Blood cells |
-
A - 4, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
-
A - 5, B - 4, C - 2, D - 1
-
A - 5, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
-
A - 5, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2
A. Malaria | Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic single-celled microorganisms belonging to the Plasmodium group. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases it can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma, or death. The disease is most commonly transmitted by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. Five species of Plasmodium can infect and be spread by humans. So the correct option is 'blood cells'. |
---|---|
B. Filaria | Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. These are spread by blood-feeding black flies and mosquitoes. This disease belongs to the group of diseases called helminthiases. Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the worms Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. These worms occupy the lymphatic system, including the lymph nodes; in chronic cases, these worms lead to the syndrome of elephantiasis.So the correct option is 'lymph node'. |
C. Encephalitis | |
D. Leukaemia | Leukemia, is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells. These white blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising problems, feeling tired, fever, and an increased risk of infections. These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells. Diagnosis is typically made by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy.So the correct option is 'bone marrow'. |
Which chronic poisoning causes paralysis and difficulty in breathing?
-
Fluorine Poisoning
-
Lead Poisoning
-
Nox
-
Sox
Air borne substances causes allergies are known as
-
Lung disease
-
Asthma
-
Flocculation
-
Aeroallergens
Tetanus is caused due to
-
bacteria
-
virus
-
protozoan
-
helminthes worm.
Tetanus (lockjaw) is an acute infectious disease, affecting the nervous system, caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. Infection occurs by contamination of wounds by bacterial spores.
Match the diseases / causative organism with its scientist given in list I and II correctly.
List I | List II | ||
---|---|---|---|
A | Gonorrhea | 1 | Eberth |
B | Typhoid | 2 | Klebs |
C | Diphtheria | 3 | Van Ermengem |
D | Dysentery | 4 | Shiga |
E | Botulism | 5 | Neisser |
-
A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4, E - 5
-
A - 5, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4, E - 3
-
A - 1, B - 3, C - 2, D - 4, E - 5
-
A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 5, E - 4
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae was first discovered by Alber Neisser in 1879.
- In 1880, Eberth described a bacillus that he suspected was the cause of typhoid.
- Diphtheria was discovered and identified by German bacteriologists Edwin Klebs and Friedrich Löffler in 1883.
- Kiyoshi Shiga was the first to describe the bacterial origin of dysentery.
- Emile Pierre- van Ermengem isolated the Clostridium botulinum bacteria (the bacterium that causes botulism).
The diseases caused by defects that are present right from the birth are known as
-
hereditary diseases
-
hormonal diseases
-
genetic diseases
-
congenital diseases
Congenital diseases are anatomical or physiological abnormalities present since birth, e.g., haemophilia, colour blindness, sickle-cell anaemia, Down's syndrome, Turner's syndrome.
Microbes that generally enter the body through nose, are likely to affect
-
gut
-
lungs
-
liver
-
lymph nodes
As nose leads to lungs, so microbes that enter the body through nose will affect the lungs.
Which of the following can make you ill if you come in contact with an infected person ?
-
high blood pressure
-
genetic abnormalities
-
sneezing
-
blood cancer
Through sneezing, the water droplets carrying the microbes enter into the healthy person.
Goitre can occur either due to hypothyroidism ( endemic goitre ) or hyperthyroidism (exophthalmic goitre ). Which of the following is a correct comparison among the both?
-
Hypothyroidism - High body temperature , Hyperthyroidism - Low body temperature
-
Hypothyroidism - Low blood pressure , Hyperthyroidism - High blood pressure
-
Hypothyroidism - Increased appetite , Hyperthyroidism - Bulging of eye balls
-
Hypothyroidism - Bulging of eye balls , Hyperthyroidism - Tendency towards
Exophthalmic goitre is characterised by increased body temperature, high blood pressure, bulging of eyeballs, weight loss despite increased appetite, rapid heart beat, nervousness, etc. Endemic goitre is characterised by abnormal cold sensitivity, excessive fatigue, insomnia, low blood pressure.
Sensitivity to any allergen is related to
-
Deviation from the process of immunity
-
Age of the person
-
Eating habit
-
Rise in environmental temperature
Allergies are the common diseases that seen in most of the people due to hypersensitivity. It is also defined as the overreaction of the immune system or deviation from the immunity process. This may be due to change in the environment conditions or by any food item. The most common environmental based allergy is the allergy to pollen grains and in food is the peanuts. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
The condition, varicose veins in swelling of veins, occurs due to
-
Loss of elasticity of the muscular layer
-
Condition of high blood pressure
-
Condition of low blood pressure
-
Condition of anoxia
Varicose veins are the swelling of the veins that are present under the skin. This is due to the loss of elasticity in the walls of the veins that causes them to stretch out and slows down the blood to move back to the heart. This leads to increased blood pressure and the veins underneath the skin will swell. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Prolonged thiamine deficiency in diet leads to
-
Anaemia
-
Beriberi
-
Haemorrhage
-
Pellagra
Beriberi is a deficiency disorder of thiamine (vitamin B$ _{1}$) that affects many systems of the body, including the muscles, heart, nerves, and digestive system. B$ _{1}$ vitamin benefits include prevention of abnormal development of muscles and nerves, pricking and burning sensation in the toes and feet, leg cramps and atrophy or wasting of the muscles.
It is safest to visit a friend hospitalised for the disease of
-
Mumps
-
Measles
-
Tuberculosis
-
Hepatitis
-
None of the above
The IPN (Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis) and VMS (Viral Haemorrhagic Septicemia) are well known infectious diseases of
-
Fish
-
Cattle
-
Poultry
-
None of the above
Viral diseases are severe infectious diseases which spread rapidly from one person to the other. Pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a viral disease which occurs in salmon fish. It is mainly caused due to the premature killing of the cells in the living tissues.
Chronic disease means it
-
Lasts for a long time
-
Occurs from the time of birth
-
Lasts for a short time
-
Both B and C
A chronic condition is a condition where the metabolism of the body is severely disturbed and it last for longer duration. Common chronic diseases include arthritis, asthma, cancer, COPD, diabetes and viral diseases such as hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS.
Which is the most fast spreading disease?
-
Malaria
-
Plague
-
Poliomyelitis
-
Leprosy
What is an epidemic disease?
-
A global outbreak of disease
-
A disease that occurs suddenly and spreads rapidly to many people
-
A disease that occurs only occasionally and at unpredictable intervals
-
A disease with clinically distinct symptoms whose incidence has increased, particularly over
the last two decades
Explanation: An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly among too many people.
Heat stroke is primarily caused by
-
Excessive heat production
-
The inability to sweat
-
Conductive heat gain
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Inability to lose heat by radiation
Which part of the human body is first adversely affected by nuclear radiation?
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Eyes
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Lungs
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Skin
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Bone marrow
What causes communicable diseases?
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Spoiled food item
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Unsanitary conditions
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Pathogens
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Dirty objects
Explanation: Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens passed from one human to another. Pathogenic organisms are of five main types: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms.
What is a communicable disease?
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It is a disease that can be spread to others and is contagious.
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It is a disease that cannot be spread and is caused by health habits and behaviours.
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It is a disease that is caused by bacteria in our environment.
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It is a disease that can be spread through food, animals, water, and the air.
Explanation: Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens passed from one human to another.
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious disease almost exclusive to cattle, sheep, swine, goats, and other cloven-hoofed animals. It is caused by a
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Fungi
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Bacteria
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Protozoa
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Virus
Foot-and-mouth disease or hoof-and-mouth disease is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovine. The virus causes a high fever for two or three days, followed by blisters inside the mouth and on the feet that may rupture.
What kind of pathogen causes common cold ?
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Bacteria
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Virus
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Fungus
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Amoeba
Explanation: The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. The most commonly implicated virus is a rhinovirus (30% to 80%).
Name the condition when the concentration of ketone body increases in urine.
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Acromegaly
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Diabetes mellitus
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Diabetes insipidus
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Cushing's disease
Acidosis is due to rapid fat catabolism. This leads to high levels of acetoacetic acid, which is converted to acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. These three molecules known as ketone bodies. The presence of excreted ketone bodies in urine and in expired air is used as one diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Non-communicable diseases are generally caused by:
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Behavioral risk factors
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Biological risk factors
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Environmental risk factors
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Both A and B
Explanation: Non-communicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is noninfectious or non-transmissible. NCDs can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress slowly.
The following are all common communicable diseases except
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Strep Throat
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MRSA
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Skin Cancer
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Mononucleosis
Explanation: Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens passed from one human to another. Pathogenic organisms are of five main types: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and worms. Whereas, most skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun.
The foods most often associated with food poisoning are:
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Raw poultry and meat
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Unpasteurized milk
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Fresh produce
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All of the above
Explanation: You can also get enteritis when you come into close contact with other people or animals that are infected. This is less common.
What is the main difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases?
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NCD can be treated whereas CD cannot
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CD can spread to others whereas NCD cannot
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CD can be treated whereas NCD cannot
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NCD can spread to others whereas CD cannot
Explanation: Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens passed from one human to another. Non-communicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is non-infectious or non-transmissible.
The following are all methods to prevent the spread of communicable disease EXCEPT:
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Washing your hands before you eat
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Sneezing into the inside or your arm or into a tissue
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Going outside and getting some sun
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Avoid touching your face or mouth
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens passed from one human to another. Use soap, warm water and disposable paper towels. Wash your hands frequently and avoid direct contact.
Which one of the following is a communicable disease?
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Measles
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Cancer
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Heart stroke
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Allergy
Which one of the following hormone has potential to prevent certain chronic disease like cancer and multiple sclerosis?
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Melatonin
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Testosterone
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Estrogen
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Dehydro-epiandro sterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an important endogenous steroid hormone. It is the most abundant circulating steroid hormone in humans. DHEA is used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), low levels of steroid hormones (Addison disease), depression, schizophrenia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and to slow the progression of Parkinson disease. It is also used for preventing heart disease, breast cancer, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. DHEA is used for weight loss, for decreasing the symptoms of menopause, and for boosting the immune system. It is naturally produced in the human body.
Which one of the following metabolic conversions requires oxygen >
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Glucose to pyruvate
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Glucose to $CO _2$ and ethanol
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Glucose to lactate
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Glucose to $CO _2$ and $H _2O$
The organisms which carries a disease from one organism to an other
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Host
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Parasite
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Vector
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None of these