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Biogas - class-XI

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In a wind mill the electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.         

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Ambiguous

  4. Data insufficient


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Answer is B.
Windmills, like waterwheels, were among the original prime movers that replaced animal muscle as a source of power. They were used for centuries in various parts of the world, converting the energy of the wind into mechanical energy for grinding grain, pumping water, and draining lowland areas.
Kinetic energy of the wind is transformed into mechanical energy of the turning windmill. This can be used to turn a generator to generate electricity. The original energy to cause the wind to blow came from the sun. Uneven heating of the earth's surface causes wind.
Hence, the statement is false.

65% by volume is hydrogen gas in the biogas. 

  1. True

  2. False

  3. Ambiguous

  4. Data insufficient


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Answer is B.

Biogas is characterized based on its chemical composition and the physical characteristics which result from it. It is primarily a mixture of methane (${ CH } _{ 4 }$) and inert carbonic gas (${ CO } _{ 2 }$). However the name 'biogas' gathers a large variety of gases resulting from specific treatment processes, starting from various organic waste - industries, animal or domestic origin waste, etc . 
Hence, the statement is false.

The gas obtained by the fermentation of biomass is :

  1. LPG

  2. CNG

  3. hydrogen

  4. biogas


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Fuel-grade ethanol is one energy source that has great potential for being generated from biomass. The gas obtained by the fermentation of biomass is called biogas.

Gobar gas is a:

  1. solid fuel

  2. liquid fuel

  3. primary fuel

  4. secondary fuel


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biogas is a type of secondary energy because biomass (primary energy) is used to produce biogas by anaerobic digestion into more efficient and higher value fuel.Biogas is also called gobargas as made by waste remains of plants and animals.

Which of the following is released from biomass?

  1. Cow-dung

  2. Methane

  3. Oxygen

  4. Helium


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Major gases released from biomass are methane ($CH _4$), carbon dioxide ($CO _2$), hydrogen ($H _2$) and hydrogen sulphide ($H _2S$).

The residue left after methane production from cattle dung is:

  1. burnt

  2. burned in land fills

  3. used as manure

  4. used In, civil construction


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The residue left after methane production from cattle dung is used as manure because it supply some organic materials and minerals to the soil.
So, the correct answer is 'used as manure'

Match column I with column II and select the correct answer from the given codes. 

Column I  Column II
A, Methanogens (i) BOD
B. Fermentors (ii) Methane rich fuel gas
C. Organic waste in water (iii) Production of methane
D. Biogas  (iv) Large vessels for growing microbes 
  1. A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i)

  2. A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)

  3. A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)

  4. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Methanogens produce methane.
Fermentors are large vessels for growing microbes.
Organic waste in water increase BOD.
Biogas is methane rich fuel gas.
So, the correct option is 'A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(I), D-(ii)'

Biogas is produced by:

  1. Aerobic breakdown of biomass

  2. Anaerobic breakdown of biomass

  3. With the help of methanogenic bacteria

  4. Both (b) and (c)


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biogas is a mixture of gases consists primarily methane and carbon dioxide  that produced by the breakdown of organic substance into such gases  in complete lack of oxygen. This biogas production can only be done by anaerobic breakdown of biomass. As methanogens are also anaerobic bacteria. The correct answer must be 'Both (b) and (c).

The technology of biogas production from cow dung was developed in India largely due to the efforts of:

  1. Gas Authority of India

  2. Oil and Natural Gas Commission

  3. Indian Agricultural Research Institute and Khadi & Village Industries Commission

  4. Indian Oil Corporation.


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The technology of biogas production from cow dung was developed in India largely due to the efforts of Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) and Khadi & Village Industries Commission (KVIC) .

So, the correct option is 'Option C' .

What does gobar gas produced from animal and plant waste contain?

  1. Ethane

  2. Methane

  3. Propane

  4. Acetylene


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Biogas is also commonly known as gobar gas. The biogas is produced due to anaerobic decomposition of the organic waste matter from the plants and animals with the help of microorganisms. The composition of biogas is methane and carbon dioxide. There are traces of hydrogen, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide. The major component is of methane which accounts for 50-70%. Methane forms the clear and non-polluting gas and commonly used as a fuel.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.  

Which one of the following is a major constituent of Biogas?

  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. Methane

  3. Hydrogen

  4. Nitrogen dioxide


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Biogas is a mixture of mostly methane and carbon dioxide with trace amounts of other gases and is considered as a valuable renewable energy source.
  • Methane comprises of 45-70% of biogas and thus biogas is inflammable. It produces a deep blue flame and can be used as an energy source.

Bacteria involved in formation of gobar gas are

  1. Obligate aerobes

  2. Facultative anaerobes

  3. Obligate anaerobes

  4. Both B and C


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Biogas is produced from the fermentation of organic matter by the action of microbes. Such microbes are anaerobic i.e. they carry out fermentation in the absence of oxygen. Microbes which produce biogas are methanogenic bacteria which can be obligate anaerobes or they can be facultative anaerobes. Obligate anaerobes function only in absence of oxygen i.e. anaerobic conditions. Facultative anaerobes are the bacteria which normally function in aerobic conditions but they can switch to anaerobic respiration if oxygen is absent. Hence, both options B and C are correct.
So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'. 

Methanogens growing anaerobically on cellulosic material produce

  1. Methane

  2. Methane and hydrogen

  3. Methane and carbon dioxide

  4. Methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen


Correct Option: D

In biogas plant which group of bacteria is found?

  1. Archaebacteria

  2. Myxobacteria

  3. Cyanobacteria

  4. Mycobacteria


Correct Option: A

Raw material used in formation of producer gas is

  1. Saw dust and wood chips

  2. Crop residue

  3. Agroindustry wastes

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Producer gas differs from biogas in having

  1. Methane

  2. Carbon monoxide

  3. $CO _2$

  4. Formed by fermentation


Correct Option: B

Methanogens converts

  1. Methyl alcohol into methane

  2. Formic acid into methane

  3. Acetic acid into methane

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Biogas production is

  1. Single step aerobic process

  2. Two step aerobic process

  3. Three step aerobic process

  4. Three step anaerobic process


Correct Option: D

Anaerobic sludge digesters and inoculums are part and parcel of _____________.

  1. Primary sluge

  2. Activated sludge

  3. BOD

  4. FIocs


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Anaerobic digestion is a collection of a process by which microorganism break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen and some of these processes are used in the waste Industries to manage the waste. Primary sludge is a result of the capture of suspended solids and organics materials. In the primary process of waste management, the material is treated in a variety of ways. During the biological treatment of the waste a part of activated sludge is used as inoculum and they are passed into the last tank which is known as anaerobic sludge digester. The microorganism present in the sludge gets killed.


So, the correct option is 'Primary sludge'.

Which of the following is correct about biogas?

  1. Methane gas is produced along with ethyl alcohol by methanogen

  2. Methanogens acts on cellulose and release biogas

  3. Biogas is produced by thunder and lightening

  4. Maximum gas found in biogas is $CO _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
  • Methanogens are present in the rumen of cattle that is present in dung as well. Methanogens acts on the cellulose content of the and  It helps in the production of methane gas that is a component of biogas.
  • Hence Methanogens acts on cellulose and release biogas is a correct statement.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Methanogens acts on cellulose and release biogas'.

Biogas production is rate limited by

  1. Production of methane

  2. Cellulose digestion

  3. Conversion of monomers to organic acids

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

Temperature suitable for biogas production is

  1. $35^o-40^o$C

  2. $20^o-25^o$C

  3. $30^o-35^o$C

  4. $40^o-44^o$C


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Biogas production occurs by the action of anaerobic bacteria on waste materials or raw materials. The reactions are made to occur in specially designed large sized tanks called digesters. The bacteria that decompose  the raw materials and produce biogas can be thermophilic if they survive at a higher temperature or mesophilic if they survive at a moderate temperature. Mesophilic bacteria are active at an optimum temperature of 35° - 40°C and thermophilic bacteria are active at an optimum temperature of 50° - 55°C
Hence, option A matches the correct temperature suitable for biogas production.
So, the correct answer is '35° - 40°C'.

The process that provides both energy and manure is

  1. Burning of fuel wood

  2. Pyrolysis of wood

  3. Gasification of wood and wood shavings

  4. Biogas formation


Correct Option: D

The technology of biogas production was developed in India through the efforts of

  1. KVIC

  2. IARI

  3. Both A and B

  4. WHO


Correct Option: C

A peculiar odour that occurs in marshy areas and cowsheds is due to gas produced by.

  1. Cyanobacteria

  2. Archaebacteria

  3. Mycoplasma

  4. Slime Moulds


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The odour is due to the gases produced  by the bacteria Methanogens which belong to Archaebacteria.

Correct answer-B

Match and find the correct combination.

(a) Fermenting malted cereals and fruit juice (i) Clots in Blood vessels
(b) Production of large holes in Swiss cheese (ii) Digestion of sludge by bacteria and fungi resulting in emission methane and other gases
(c) Myocardial infarction (iii) Production of ethanol
(d) Biogas (iv) Blood cholesterol lowering agent
(v) Production of large amount of CO$ _2$
  1. a-iii, b-v, c-iv, d-ii

  2. a-i, b-ii, c-iii, d-iv

  3. a-iii, b-v, c-i, d-ii

  4. a-v, b-iv, c-iii, d-ii


Correct Option: C

Identify the correct pair of characters of a bacterium which is used in the production of methane.
(i)   Recyclers of inorganic nutrients
(ii)  Present in stomach of cattle
(iii) Obtain energy from sunlight
(iv) Aerobes

  1. ii, iii

  2. i, ii

  3. i, iv

  4. iii, iv


Correct Option: B

The order of bacteria active in conversion of organic wastes into biogas is

  1. Hydrolytic $\rightarrow$ Acetogenic $\rightarrow$ Methanogenic

  2. Methanogenic $\rightarrow$ Acetogenic $\rightarrow$ Hydrolytic

  3. Methanogenic $\rightarrow$ Hydrolytic $\rightarrow$ Acetogenic

  4. Acetogenic $\rightarrow$ Methanogenic $\rightarrow$ Hydrolytic


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The order of bacteria active in the conversion of organic wastes into biogas is hydrolytic, acetogenic, methanogenic. 

Hydrolytic- Insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates, are broken down to soluble derivatives which are used by bacteria.

Acetogenic- Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. These bacteria convert these resulting organic acids into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.

Methanogenic- The methanogens convert the product of acetogenic step to methane and carbon dioxide. The produced gas consisting of methane, carbon dioxide, and traces of other ‘contaminant’ gases is known as biogas.

So, the correct answer is 'Hydrolytic $\rightarrow$ Acetogenic $\rightarrow$ Methanogenic'.

Biogases produced during sewage treatment are 

  1. ${H} _{2}S, \,{N} _{2}, \,{CH} _{4}$

  2. ${CH} _{4}, \,{H} _2{S}, \,{CO} _{2}$

  3. ${CH} _{4}, \,{O} _{2}, \,H _2S$

  4. $H _2S, \,CH _4, \,SO _2$


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The Biogases produced during sewage treatment are

1.Methane (CH$ _4$)
2.Hydrogen sulfide (H$ _2$S)
3.Carbon-dioxide (CO$ _2$).
So, the correct option is 'CH$ _4$, H$ _2$S, CO$ _2$'.

Cytophaga and Cellulomonas are involved in

  1. Biogas production

  2. Spoilage of textiles

  3. Curing of tea and tobacco

  4. Cheese manufacture


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Cytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative bacillus. Cellulomonas is a genus of Gram-positive bacillus. They have the ability to digest cellulose. They are called as cellulolytic bacteria. They are involved in biogas production. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Biogas production.'

Fill in the blank space by choosing the correct word. 
The non-usable animal or vegetable products are collectively called ............

  1. $potential$

  2. $renewable$

  3. $fossil$

  4. $biomass$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms. In the context of biomass for energy this is often used to mean plant based material, but biomass can equally apply to both animal and vegetable derived material.
Hence, the non-usable animal or vegetable products are collectively called Biomass.

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