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Dalton's atomic theory - class-XI

Description: dalton's atomic theory
Number of Questions: 42
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Tags: atom atomic theory, periodic classification and properties of elements atoms, molecules and chemical reactions the structure of the atom structure of atom inside the atom stoichiometry atoms, molecules and radicals some basic concepts of chemistry the nature of matter chemistry atomic structure and chemical bonding particle nature, basic units atoms and molecules element, compound and chemical reaction basic concepts of chemistry
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______ are the smallest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction.

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Molecules

  2. Compounds

  3. Atoms

  4. Electrons

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Dalton's atomic theory states that atoms are the smallest unit of matter that can participate in a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions involve the combination, separation, or rearrangement of atoms, but atoms are neither created, destroyed, divided into parts, or converted into atoms of any other kind.

Dalton's theory fails to determine the existence of

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. molecules

  2. compounds

  3. allotropes

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Dalton's atomic theory fails to explain the existence of allotropes; it does not account for differences in properties of charcoal, graphite, diamond.

According to Dalton, atoms of different elements combine with one another to form :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. compounds

  2. elements

  3. solution

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

 According to Dalton, atoms of different elements combine with one another to form compounds.

Dalton had suggested that an atom is indivisible. 

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. True

  2. False

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Dalton had suggested that an atom is indivisible. All matter is composed of elements, which in turn are made up of small indivisible particles called atoms.

Which of the following is a postulate of Dalton's atomic theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. All matter consists of indivisible particles called atoms

  2. The atom is the smallest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction

  3. Atoms of same element can combine in more than one ratio to form two or more compounds

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Dalton's theory of same element have same mass and properties was proved wrong with the invention of:

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. molecules

  2. isotopes

  3. neutrons

  4. compounds

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

According to Dalton Atomic Theory, atoms of an element are identical in mass, size and many other chemicals or physical properties. 


But, practically we observe that atoms of several elements differ in their densities and masses. 

These atoms with the different masses are known as isotopes. For example, Chlorine (Cl) has 2 isotopes with the mass numbers of 35 and 37.

Hence, the correct option is $\text{B}$

A/An______ is the smallest particle of a substance which can take part in a chemical reaction.

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. atom

  2. molecule

  3. both A and B

  4. none of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

An atom is the smallest particle of a substance which can take part in a chemical reactions.

Various theories were put forth to study the nature of atom. The main postulates of Dalton's atomic theory are :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. all matter are composed of atoms

  2. all matters are composed of molecules

  3. all atoms of an element are identical.

  4. the atoms of different elements vary in size and mass.

Show answer
Correct Option: A,C,D
Explanation:

It was John Dalton who firstly developed a theory on the structure of matter, later on which is known as Dalton's atomic theory.


DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY :

1. Matter is made up of very small undivisible particle called atoms.
2. All the atoms of a given element is identical in all respect i.e. mass, shape, size, etc.
3. Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed by any chemical process.
4. Atoms of different elements are different in nature.

Dalton suggested that atoms were indestructible and unchangeable to explain:

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. why mass is conserved in chemical reactions.

  2. why elements combine in fixed weight ratios to form compounds.

  3. why elements are characterized by the mass of their atoms.

  4. why compounds combine in fixed weight ratios in chemical reactions.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Atoms cannot be subdivided, created or destroyed into smaller particles when they are combined,separated or rearranged in chemical reactions. The whole matter remains conserved in the form of reactants changing to products.

Which of the following is not a postulate of Dalton's atomic theory? 

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Different elements have atoms of different masses.

  2. Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds..

  3. Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical change.

  4. Atoms of a single element can have different masses.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Postulates of Dalton's atomic theory:

  • All matter consists of indivisible particles called atoms.
  • Atoms of the same elements are similar in shape and mass but differ from the atoms of other elements.
  • Atoms cannot be created or destroyed.
  • Atoms of different elements may combine with each other in a fixed, simple, whole number ratios to form compound atoms.
  • The atom is the smallest unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction.

Dalton said that elements are distinguished from each other by :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. the charge on their ions

  2. the density of their solid forms

  3. the weights of their atoms

  4. the shapes of their atoms

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and other properties, while atoms of different elements differ in size, mass and other properties.

Who was the first scientist which proposed that "Matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms"?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Lavoiser

  2. Dalton

  3. Thomson

  4. Faraday

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Dalton Atomic theory postulates-

All matter is made up of atoms and atoms are indestructible cannot be created or destroyed so the total mass of reactants remains equal to the total mass of products.

Atoms of different elements combine in :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. unequal ratios.

  2. prime number ratios.

  3. equal ratios.

  4. whole number ratios.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

When elements react, their atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios.   By suggesting that compounds contained characteristic atom-to-atom ratios, Dalton effectively explained the law of definite proportions.

Dalton's atomic theory was not accepted fully :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. when atoms combine It must be presumed to be a binary one, unless some cause appear to the contrary.

  2. when elements react, their atoms sometimes combine in more than one simple, whole-number ratio.

  3. elements are characterized by the mass of their atoms.

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

According to Dalton, When atoms combine in only one ratio, ".. it must be presumed to be a binary one, unless some cause appear to the contrary". 

          There was no experimental evidence to support this postulate, and it lead him to mistakenly assume that the formula of water was OH and the formula of ammonia was NH. As a result, Dalton's atomic weights for oxygen and nitrogen were incorrect and his experimental data did not support many of the conclusions he drew from it.

Which of the following is a merit of Dalton's atomic theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Laws of chemical combination

  2. Distinction between the fundamental particle of an element (atom) and that of a compound (molecule)

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

 Dalton's theory explains the laws of chemical combination.  Dalton was the first person to recognize a workable difference between the fundamental particle of an element (atom) and that of a compound (molecule).

Among the following, which one can not be further broken down by chemical means?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Cation

  2. Inert Gas

  3. Crystal

  4. Anion

  5. Element

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

An element can not be further broken down by chemical means.


An element is defined as a substance that cannot be decomposed by a simple chemical process into two or more different substances. 

Some of the examples of elements are gold, silver copper, carbon, sulphur and phosphorous.

Hence option E is correct.

Which one proposes the basic postulates concerning elements and atoms?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Avogadro's number

  2. $P _1V _1=P _2V _2$

  3. $V _1T _2=V _2T _1$

  4. Dalton's theory

  5. Gay-Lussac's Law

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Dalton's theory proposes the basic postulates concerning elements and atoms.


All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. 

All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties.  

  Hence, the correct option is D.

Which of the following is not part of the Atomic Theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Compounds are made up of combinations of atoms

  2. All atoms of a given element are alike

  3. All matter is composed of atoms

  4. A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms

  5. The atom is mainly empty space

Show answer
Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Main Postulates of Dalton's Atomic Theory
1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms

option E is not a part of Atomic theory.

An important postulate of Dalton's atomic theory is: 

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. an atom contains electrons, protons and neutrons

  2. atom can neither be created nor destroyed nor divisible

  3. all the atoms of an element are not identical

  4. all the elements are available in nature in the form of atoms

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

According to Dalton's theory, atoms can neither be created nor be destroyed.

According to Dalton, what are the smallest particles of matter?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Molecules

  2. Ions

  3. Atoms

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

-According to Dalton, atoms are the smallest particles of matter.

-When atoms combines together molecules are formed.
-When an atom looses or gains electron ions are formed.

Which of the following is not a postulate of Dalton's atomic theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. All matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms

  2. Atoms of a given element are not identical in mass and chemical properties

  3. Atoms combine in a ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds

  4. The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The postulates of Dalton"s atomic theory may be stated as follows:
(i) All matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms.
(ii) Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties.
(iii) Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties.
(iv) Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds.
(v) The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound.


So Atoms of a given element are not identical in mass or chemical properties.
This is not a Postulate of atomic theory.

Atoms combine with each other to ________ each other.

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. stabilize

  2. attain alkali metal configuration

  3. reduce their mass

  4. none of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Atoms combine with each other to stabilize each other.


Hence the correct option is A.

According to Dalton's atomic theory, atoms combine in a small number ratio to form :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. big atoms

  2. compounds

  3. elements

  4. ions

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

According to Dalton's theory atoms combine in small number ratio to form compounds.

Which one of the following is not a subatomic particle?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Proton

  2. Neutron

  3. Electron

  4. Positron

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Positron is not a subatomic particle. Electrons, protons and neutrons are the subatomic particles.

John Dalton proposed which theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Theory of molecules

  2. Atomic mass theory

  3. Theory of atoms

  4. Law of conservation of substances

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

John Dalton 1808, believed that matter is made up of extremely minute indivisible particles, called atoms which takes part in chemical reactions. These particle can neither be created nor be destroyed.

What are the merits of Dalton's atomic theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Explains laws of chemical combination

  2. Distinguishes between fundamental particles of element

  3. Both A and B

  4. Proves individuality

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The atomic theory explains the laws of chemical combination (the Law of Constant Composition and the Law of Multiple Proportions) Dalton was the first person to recognize a workable distinction between the fundamental particle of an element (atom) and that of a compound (molecule).

If combining atoms of a compound have nearly similar electronegativities the bond between them is_____

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. electrovalent

  2. covalent

  3. metallic

  4. ionic

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
So, combining atoms of a compound have nearly similar electronegativities the bond between them is covalent.

Dalton based his relative atomic weight scale on :

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. hydrogen

  2. oxygen

  3. helium

  4. lithium

  5. carbon

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Dalton published his table of relative atomic weights and six elements appeared in table which are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and phosphorus with atom of hydrogen which assumed to weigh 1.

The existence of isotopes violated which one of the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. All matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms

  2. Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties

  3. Atoms are indivisible particles and cannot be created nor destroyed

  4. Atoms of same elements are alike in all respects

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Isotopes are atoms of same elements having same atomic number but different atomic masses.

Which postulates of Dalton's atomic theory can explain the Law of definite proportion?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. All matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms.

  2. Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties.

  3. Atoms are indivisible particles and cannot be created nor destroyed.

  4. The relative number and kind of atoms in a given compound remain constant.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The law of definite proportion states that in compounds , the elements are always present in definite proportions by mass.

According to Dalton's atomic theory, atoms of a given element are identical in: 

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. chemical properties and size

  2. weight and colour

  3. properties and colour

  4. colour and size

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

According to atomic theory, atoms of a given element are identical in size and chemical properties.

Which postulate of Dalton's atomic theory is the result of the law of conservation of mass?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. All matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms

  2. Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties

  3. Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties

  4. Atoms are indivisible particles and cannot be created nor destroyed

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

According to Dalton's  theory atoms are indivisible particles and cannot be created nor destroyed.

Which of the following correctly represents symbol for chlorine in Berzelius system?

chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. M

  2. Cl

  3. Mn

  4. C

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

M correctly represents a symbol for chlorine in Berzelius system. The symbol M was derived from the word Muriatic Radicle which signifies element chlorine. At present, the symbol M is replaced with symbol Cl.

According to Dalton's atomic theory, the smallest particle in which matter can exist is called :

chemistry particle nature, basic units history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. an atom.

  2. an ion.

  3. an electron.

  4. a molecule.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

DALTON'S ATOMIC THEORY :

1. Matter is made up of very small undivisible particle called atoms.

2. All the atoms of a given element is identical in all respect i.e. mass, shape, size, etc.

3. Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed by any chemical process.

4. Atoms of different elements are different in nature.

The atom is indivisible was proposed by :

chemistry particle nature, basic units history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Rutherford

  2. Dalton

  3. Bohr

  4. Einstein

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

John Dalton considered that " all matter is composed of small particle called the atom."
According to Dalton: 
-Atom is the smallest indivisible part of matter which takes part in the chemical reaction.
-Atom is neither created nor be destroyed.

The valence electrons of an element are responsible for :

chemistry particle nature, basic units history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. physical properties of an element

  2. chemical properties of an element

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell and they are responsible for determining the number of bond formation and an atoms charge.This give the atom its chemical properties.

The atomic theory of matter was proposed by :

chemistry particle nature, basic units history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. John Kennedy

  2. Lavoisier

  3. Proust

  4. John Dalton

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The atomic theory of matter was proposed by John Dalton.

John Dalton (1766-1844) developed the first useful atomic theory of matter.

Dalton viewed chemical change as :

chemistry particle nature, basic units history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. a transfer of electrons

  2. a transfer of protons

  3. a rearrangement of atoms

  4. a change of atoms from one type into another

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Dalton Atomic theory postulates-

1.  All matter is made up of atoms
2. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
3. Compounds are formed by combining two or more different kind of atoms.
4. A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.

On the basis of assumptions Dalton explain __________.

chemistry basic concepts of chemistry history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Law of definite proportion.

  2. Law of conservation of mass.

  3. Law of combining volume.

  4. Law of reciprocal proportion.

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Choose the correct option :


Dalton's atomic theory suffered from _________.

chemistry basic concepts of chemistry history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Atoms of the same or different types have a strong tendency to combine together to form a new group of atom

  2. The atom can no longer be considered indivisible

  3. Discovery of isotopes indicated that all atoms of the same element are not perfectly identical

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Drawbacks of Dalton's atomic theory:

1. The atom is further subdivided into protons, neutrons, electrons.

2. The atoms of same elements are not similar in all aspects. They may vary in mass and density. These are known as isotopes.

3. Atoms of different elements are not different in all aspects. Atoms of different elements that have the same atomic mass are called isobar.

4. According to Dalton atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratio to form compounds. This is not seen in complex organic compounds.

5. This theory fails to explain the existence of allotropes.

On which basis later researches proved that Dalton's atomic theory was not wholly correct :

chemistry basic concepts of chemistry history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. An atom is the ultimate

  2. Discrete particle of matter

  3. Indivisible particle of matter

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Drawbacks of Dalton's atomic theory :


1. The atom is further subdivided into protons, neutrons, electrons.


2. The atoms of the same elements are not similar in all aspects. They may vary in mass and density. These are known as isotopes.

3. Atoms of different elements are not different in all aspects. Atoms of different elements that have the same atomic mass are called isobar.

4. According to Dalton atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratio to form compounds. This is not seen in complex organic compounds.

5. This theory fails to explain the existence of allotropes.


Hence the correct option is D.

Law of constant proportion is given by _________.

chemistry basic concepts of chemistry history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

  1. Thompson

  2. Dalton

  3. Joseph Louis Proust

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Joseph Louis Proust had given the law of constant proportion.


The law of constant proportions states that chemical compounds are made up of elements that are present in a fixed ratio by mass. This implies that any pure sample of a compound, no matter the source, will always consist of the same elements that are present in the same ratio by mass. For example, pure water will always contain hydrogen and oxygen in a fixed mass ratio (a gram of water consists of approximately 0.11 grams of hydrogen and 0.88 grams of oxygen, the ratio is 1:8).

Hence, the correct option is $\text{C}$

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