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Soil- our life - class-XI

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Which one of the following methods is most appropriate to check soil erosion on steep slopes?

  1. Shelter belts

  2. Mulching

  3. Terrace cultivation

  4. Multi-river project


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The most appropriate method to verify soil erosion on steep slopes is terrace cultivation.Terrace farming is a method of farming whereby “steps” known as terraces are built onto the slopes of hills and mountains. When it rains, instead of rain carrying away the soil nutrients and plants down the slope, they flow to the next terrace. Every step has an outlet which channels water to the next step.

Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

  1. Intensive cultivation

  2. Deforestation

  3. Over irrigation

  4. Overgrazing


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Over irrigation is main cause of land degradation in Punjab due to waterlogging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh are the states facing issue of land degradation.

Which of the following is responsible for soil erosion in farms?

  1. Rivers and wind work

  2. Defective methods of farming

  3. Flowing water

  4. Moving glaciers


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

 Ploughing in a wrong way i.e. up and down the slope. It forms channels for the quick flow of water leading to soil erosion. 

The main reason for land degradation in Uttar Pradesh is __________.

  1. Mining

  2. Excessive irrigation

  3. Salinity

  4. Dense population


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. 

The principal cause of soil damage in Punjab and Haryana is _______.

  1. Over irrigation

  2. Deforestation

  3. Ravine erosion

  4. Overgrazing


Correct Option: A

Which one of the following is responsible for the soil erosion in farms?

  1. Rivers and wind work

  2. Defective methods of farming

  3. Flowing water

  4. Moving glaciers


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

 Ploughing in a wrong way i.e. up and down the slope form channels for the quick flow of water leading to soil erosion. 

Arid soil is formed in western Rajasthan. Its main features are:
I. Arid soils range from red to yellow in colour.
II. They are generally sandy and saline. 
III. Humus and moisture content is very low due to dry climate and faster evaporation. 
IV. Thorny bushes are found in this region.

  1. Only I, II and III

  2. Only II and III

  3. Only I, II and IV

  4. Only II, III and IV


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

  • Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. 
  • They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. In some areas the salt content is very high and common salt is obtained by evaporating the water. 
  • Due to the dry climate, high temperature, evaporation is faster and the soil lacks humus and moisture. 
  • After proper irrigation these soils become cultivable as has been in the case of western Rajasthan.

Which of the following is/are methods of checking soil erosion?
$1$. Strip cropping
$2$. Contour ploughing
$3$. Use of irrigation and fertilisers
$4$. Terrace farming.

  1. $1$ and $2$

  2. $3$ and $4$

  3. $2, 3$ and $4$

  4. $1, 2, $ and $4$


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This is called contour ploughing. 
  • Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts erosion. 
  • Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping. Strip cropping method reduce the soil erosion

Which of the following indicates the types of soil erosion in decreasing order of damage caused in India?

  1. Ravine erosion and gullies, alkalinity and salinity weeds and water-logging

  2. Alkalinity and water-logging, ravine erosion and weeds

  3. Water-logging, weeds, salinity and ravine erosion

  4. All are equally damaging


Correct Option: A

The cutting of forests leads to

  1. Soil erosion and incontrollable floods

  2. Desilting and denaturation

  3. Increase of rainfall and humidity

  4. None of these


Correct Option: A

The crop which grows in alluvial soil and needs 150 cm rainfall is

  1. Wheat

  2. Rice

  3. Groundnut

  4. Sugarcane


Correct Option: B

Heavy rainfall affects soil by

  1. Increasing its acidity

  2. Increasing its alkalinity

  3. Reducing its fertility

  4. None of these


Correct Option: C

Consider the following statements:
1) Contour ploughing prevents soil erosion and the formation of gullies.
2) Gully erosion is the removal of top soil and creation of many steep-sided cuttings in hillside.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. Neither 1 nor 2


Correct Option: C

As organic matter decomposes, it releases nutrients and organic acids. These acids known as _______ attack clays and rock, releasing iron and aluminium.

  1. humification agents

  2. chelating agents

  3. leaching agents

  4. reducers


Correct Option: B

The CSCS, approved and adopted in 1960, is known as the _______ approximation.

  1. fifth

  2. sixth

  3. seventh

  4. accurate


Correct Option: C

Identify the wrong statement.

  1. Terra Rossa is a soil typical of Mediterranean scrub biome

  2. Science of soils is called Pedology

  3. Stream is the most important agent of soil erosion

  4. The term edaphic refers to soils


Correct Option: C

'Frost Hollows' is/are related to _______.

  1. form of precipitation

  2. temperature inversion

  3. a type of cloud

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

Which of the following measures are effective for soil conservation in India?
1. Avoiding crop rotation
2. Afforestation
3. Encouraging the use of chemical fertilizers
4. Limiting shifting cultivation
Select the correct answer from the codes given below.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 4

  3. 3 and 4

  4. 1, 2 and 3


Correct Option: B

Which one of the following factors is responsible for excessive soil erosion in Chhotanagpur plateau?

  1. Heavy rain throughout the year

  2. Loose sandy soil

  3. Deep ploughing by tractors

  4. Large scale felting of trees


Correct Option: D

Which one of the following is the main reason for the loss of the top soil in India?

  1. Wind erosion`

  2. Excessive leaching

  3. Water erosion

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C

Soil erosion in India occurs in almost all the littoral states but it is most serious along the coast of ____________.

  1. Kerala

  2. Tamil Nadu

  3. Odisha

  4. Karnataka


Correct Option: A

In India, the problem of soil erosion is associated with which of the following?
1. Terrace cultivation
2. Deforestation
3. Tropical climate
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. Only 2

  3. 1 and 3

  4. 1, 2 and 3


Correct Option: B

Soil erosion can be prevented by _________.

  1. increasing bird population

  2. afforestation

  3. removal of vegetation

  4. overgrazing


Correct Option: B

Which among the following within processes helps in evolution?
1. Natural selection
2. Adaptation
3. Mutation
4. Reproductive isolation

  1. 1, 2 and 3

  2. 2, 3 and 4

  3. 2 and 3

  4. All of these


Correct Option: D

Consider the following statements and choose the correct answer from the codes given below.
1. Soil erosion is the destruction of the upper layer of the soil by natural factors.
2. General erosion is one when there is 25% less erosion of the land soil.
3. Sheet erosion is caused when the upper fertile layer of the land is eroded by air or water.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 1 and 3

  4. All of these


Correct Option: B

Government of India encourages the cultivation of sea buckthorn. What is the importance of this plant?
1. It helps in controlling soil erosion and in preventing desertification.
2. It is rich source of biodiesel.
3. It has nutritional value and is well adapted to live in cold areas of high altitude.
4. Its timber is of great commercial value.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 

  1. Only 1

  2. 2, 3 and 4

  3. 1 and 3

  4. All of these


Correct Option: C

Which is the main causative factor of desertification

  1. Developmental activities

  2. Tourism

  3. Overgrazing

  4. Irrigated agriculture


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Overgrazing is an important reason for desertification. Overgrazing denudes the soil of plant cover. Trampling by cattle decreases soil porosity. The exposed hardened soil undergoes erosion by wind and water. Wind erosion is more common, where drought conditions prevail for long periods. It causes desertification or conversion of once fertile land into desert.

Sheet erosion is caused by

  1. Sea

  2. Wind

  3. Heavy rains

  4. Glaciers


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Sheet erosion means removal of extremely thin layer or sheet of soil. It is caused by detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact and their removal down slope by water flowing overland as a sheet (instead of in definite channels or rills). 

Loss of upper fertile layer of soil is known as

  1. Pedogenesis

  2. Podosolization

  3. Soil erosion

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Soil erosion is removal of top soil by agency of water (water erosion) and wind (wind erosion). Soil erosion is of two types- natural and anthropogenic. 

Natural or geological erosion is extremely slow removal of top soil due to rain water or wind. 
Anthropogenic soil erosion is caused by removal of plant cover through over grazing, litter collection, tree felling, leaving the soil unprotected during agricultural operations.
Pedogenesis is the process of soil formation.
Podsol is base poor acidic soil formed by leaching of basic minerals. The process of formation of podsol is called as podsolization.

Soil erosion is greater when

  1. There is no rain

  2. The rainfall is low

  3. Winds do not blow

  4. The rainfall is received in heavy downpour


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Soil erosion is removal of top soil by agency of water (water erosion) and wind (wind erosion). Soil erosion is of two types- natural and anthropogenic. 

Natural or geological erosion is extremely slow removal of top soil due to rain water or wind. 
Anthropogenic soil erosion is caused by removal of plant cover through over grazing, litter collection, tree felling, leaving the soil unprotected during agricultural operations. 
Anthropogenic factors remove green cover and expose the soil to natural agents of soil erosion i.e., water and wind. When rains fall as heavy downpour, most of the top layer of soil is washed away, if the soil is not covered by vegetation.

Sheet erosion is caused by

  1. Fast running rivers

  2. Wind

  3. Heavy rains

  4. Glaciers


Correct Option: C

Removal of top fertile soil by wind or water is called

  1. Siltation

  2. Soil erosion

  3. Weathering of soil

  4. Leaching


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Soil erosion is removal of top soil by agency of water (water erosion) and wind (wind erosion). Soil erosion is of two types- natural and anthropogenic. Natural or geological erosion is extremely slow removal of top soil due to rain water or wind. Anthropogenic soil erosion is caused by removal of plant cover through over grazing, litter collection, tree felling, leaving the soil unprotected during agricultural operations.

Siltation is pollution of water by silt or by clay.
The process of soil formation is known as weathering of soil. 
Leaching is the process of loss of soluble contents of soil from the top layer.
Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Eroded soils are

  1. Devoid of plant nutrients

  2. Richer in plant nutrients

  3. Unaltered in plant nutrients

  4. Fit for agriculture


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Soil erosion is the removal of top soil by the agency of water (water erosion) and wind (wind erosion). Soil erosion is of two types, natural and anthropogenic. 

Natural or geological erosion is extremely slow removal of top soil due to rain water or wind. 
Anthropogenic soil erosion is caused by removal of plant cover through over grazing, litter collection, tree felling, leaving the soil unprotected during agricultural operations. 
Top soil is rich in organic and mineral nutrients. If top soil is removed the productivity of land is reduced.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Soil erosion is greater when

  1. There is no rain

  2. The rainfall is low

  3. Winds do not blow

  4. The rainfall is received in heavy down pour


Correct Option: D

Eroded soils are

  1. Devoid of plant nutrients

  2. Richer in plant nutrients

  3. Unaltered in plant nutrients

  4. Fit for agriculture


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Soil erosion is the removal of top soil, top soil has all the nutrients necessary for plant growth. Eroded soil is low on fertility

So, the correct answer is 'Devoid of plant nutrients'

Soil erosion can be prevented by

  1. Raising forests

  2. Deforestation

  3. Excessive use of fertilizer

  4. Overgrazing by animals


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Soil erosion is the process of washing and wearing away of the top fertile soil due to the physical pressure and force of water, wind or other farming activities like tilling, ploughing etc.
The soil can be prevented from getting eroded by planting and raising more trees as the roots of the trees hold the soil tightly and prevents it from getting washed away.
Deforestation means cutting down of trees and more we cut down the trees more the soil will be left loose and easily washed away and get eroded.
Excessive use of fertilizers can leave the soil degraded, loose, dry and barren and more vulnerable and easier to get eroded.
Overgrazing by animals can leave the soil loose, dry and barren totally exposed to get washed away and get eroded completely.

Siltation in rivers, harbors and reservoirs is caused by

  1. Erosion

  2. Removal of topsoil

  3. Eutrophication

  4. Deforestation


Correct Option: A

Soil, sand and other solids are washed into water bodies due to

  1. Soil Erosion

  2. Eutrophication

  3. Desertification

  4. Deforestation


Correct Option: A

Loss of top soil is called

  1. Washing

  2. Erosion

  3. Corrosion

  4. Denudation


Correct Option: B

Soil erosion is greater when 

  1. No rain occurs

  2. Winds do not blow

  3. The rainfall is evenly distributed

  4. The rainfall is received in heavy down pour


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Soil erosion involves the removal of the top layer of soil which adversely affects the fertility of the soil. Heavy rainfall leads to splashing of soilHowever, the majority of the soil splashed is not immediately lost from the field. Most of the splashed soil particles don't leave the field, they clog surface pores, which in turn reduces water infiltration, increases water runoff, and increases soil erosion.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Which of the following is not the function of forest? 

  1. It is used to make paper.

  2. Resin, gum and drugs are obtained.

  3. Controls flood.

  4. Causes soil erosion.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Forests and trees make an essential contribution to food security by helping to maintain the environmental conditions needed for agricultural production. They stabilize the soil, prevent erosion, enhance the land's capacity to store water and moderate air and soil temperatures.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Soil erosion can be prevented by

  1. Terrace farming

  2. Intensive cropping

  3. Deforestation

  4. Both A and B


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Soil erosion can be prevented by:
(i) Intensive cropping means growing of more crops in the same fields and not leaving them unused. If the fields remain covered with crops throughout the year, top soil will not be exposed to winds or rains. Thus, no soil erosion will occur.
(ii) In hilly regions, small fields are formed in the form of steps or terraces for cultivation of crops. Such a farming in hilly regions Is called terrace farming. This technique reduces the flow of rain water down the slopes of hills. Moreover, eroded soil from upper regions of hills gets deposited in lower terraces. In this way, soil erosion can be prevented in hilly regions.
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Soil erosion is caused due to

  1. Strong winds

  2. Heavy rains

  3. Keeping the fields fallow for a long time

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Causes of soil erosion are:
(i) Uncovered loose soil gets eroded when it is exposed to strong winds. The winds carry away the soil particles to other places,
(ii) When rain falls on the unprotected top soil, rain water washes it down into the streams and rivers etc.
(iii) Farmers loosen the top soil of the agricultural fields either for cultivation or for removing the weeds. Sometimes due to certain reasons, these agricultural fields remain fallow (not cultivated) for a long time. Top loosened soil of these agricultural fields, thus, becomes prone to erosion by winds or rains.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Which of the following prevents soil erosion?

  1. Animals

  2. Rocks

  3. Plants

  4. Mountains


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Plants prevents soil erosion. Plant roots firmly bind the soil in the absence of plants, soil becomes loose so it can be moved by wind and flowing water.

So the correct answer is 'plants'

The removal of land surface by water, wind or ice is known as

  1. Seepage

  2. Sewage

  3. Erosion

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

When the upper layer is displaced from one area to another, the process is called soil erosion. Erosion of land is a natural process. It starts with the displacement of soil particles under the influence of natural factors like water, wind or even ice. The forceful and rapid movement of all these leads to movement of soil along with it.

Seepage is the term used for percolation of water inside the soil. Sewage means drainage facilities.
So, option C "Erosion" is the correct option

More soil erosion occurs where there is

  1. No rainfall

  2. Low rainfall

  3. High rainfail

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Soil erosion is defined as the wearing away of topsoil. Topsoil is the top layer of soil and is the most fertile because it contains the most organic, nutrient-rich materials. Therefore, this is the layer that farmers want to protect for growing their crops and ranchers want to protect for growing grasses for their cattle to graze on.
Precipitation is the most forceful factor causing erosion.
Erosion is dependent on the amount, duration, intensity and frequency of rainfall. By the action of dashing rain drops on soil, soil granules are loosened, detached and separated into fine particles. Erosion is greater where the rainfall is not only heavy, but concentrated over short periods.

Which of the following phenomena take place when the top layer of soil is exposed?

  1. Soil erosion

  2. Infertile soil

  3. Both A and B

  4. Good quality new soil


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

If the top layer or soil is exposed, then it will gradually expose the lower layer of soil, which is hard and rocky in nature. This type of soil is less fertile as it contains less humus. Continued soil erosion will make the land barren or infertile.

Soil erosion is defined as the wearing away of topsoil. Topsoil is the top layer of soil and is the most fertile because it contains the most organic, nutrient-rich materials. Therefore, this is the layer that farmers want to protect for growing their crops and ranchers want to protect for growing grasses for their cattle to graze on.
In short, when top layer of soil is exposed, it results in soil erosion and infertile soil.

Removal of top fertile layer of soil by wind or water is called as

  1. Leaching

  2. Erosion

  3. Siltation

  4. Weathering


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away (by wind or water) of the top layer of soil (dirt). This is a serious problem for farmers. Crops are the foods that farmers grow. If the soil has eroded, the crops will not grow very well.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Deforestation causes

  1. Soil erosion

  2. Soil pollution

  3. Water pollution

  4. Noise pollution


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

In deforestation, there is the cutting or the removal of plants. The roots of the plants allow the soil to be held due to the presence of water. Due to deforestation, the water present in the soil gets evaporated resulting in a barren land. This barren land is prone to soil erosion which results in the loss of the upper layer of the soil. When new trees are planted, the soil erosion can be prevented. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A. 

Soil erosion is due to

  1. Fast running rivers

  2. Heavy rains

  3. Occasional rains

  4. Wind


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The process of soil erosion is the washing away of the upper fertile layer of the soil. The roots of the trees and plants are responsible for holding the soil. When there is heavy rain and there are no plants in the area, the layer of the soil gets carried away along with the water. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

The effect of rainfall over the soil which is covered by vegetation and the effect over the soil left bare after harvesting, respectively, would be

  1. No change in both cases

  2. No soil erosion and rapid soil erosion

  3. Rapid soil erosion and no soil erosion

  4. Soil erosion in both cases


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Roots of plants hold the soil particles and prevent their loss. Hence vegetation prevents soil erosion. When vegetation is lost and soil is kept barren after harvesting there is soil erosion due to the loss of upper soil layer caused by heavy wind or flowing waterThus the correct answer is option B.  

Main cause of soil erosion

  1. Afforestation

  2. Less rains

  3. Thinning of ozone layer

  4. Deforestation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In deforestation, there is the cutting or the removal of plants. The roots of the plants allow the soil to be held due to the presence of water. Due to deforestation, the water present in the soil gets evaporated resulting in a barren land. This barren land is prone to soil erosion which results in the loss of the upper layer of the soil. When new trees are planted, the soil erosion can be prevented. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

What happen when rain falls on soil without vegetational cover?

  1. Rain water percolates into soil efficiently.

  2. Rain water cause loss of surface soil.

  3. Rain water leads to fertility of the soil.

  4. Does not cause any changes in the soil


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

During heavy rainfall, trees act as a natural absorber. They prevent soil erosion, thereby reducing sediments going into rivers and increasing water absorption into the ground. But when the soil is without vegetational cover rainwater carries away the soil and causes its loss. Thus the correct answer is option B.

To prevent soil erosion, farmer plants a hedge across a field. This method works because

  1. The hedge prevents the soil from direct impact of rainwater

  2. The roots of plants prevent the soil erosion

  3. The hedge absorbs minerals from the soil, which makes it most compact

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The roots of the plants allow the soil to be held due to the presence of water. Soil erosion is the loss of the fertile soil due to an absence of plants which can hold the soil. The farmers plant hedges across a field which prevents the carrying away of the soil during rain. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Removal of topsoil by wind and water is called as

  1. Soil conservation

  2. Soil binding

  3. Soil erosion

  4. Mulching


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Soil is formed as a result of weathering of rocks. There are also many living organisms in the soil. Soil is, in fact a product of the interaction of living organisms with rocks. Soil has many layers. The topmost layer is called the topsoil and is the most fertile. The removal of this topsoil is called soil erosion. Water and wind cause the topsoil to be removed. Soil erosion is mainly associated with deforestation and agriculture. The main cause of soil erosion is the removal of vegetation. 

Soil erosion can be prevented by

  1. Restricted human activity

  2. Good plant cover

  3. Checking movement of animals

  4. Wind screen alone


Correct Option: B

The removal of topsoil by water and wind is called as

  1. Soil tilling

  2. Soil erosion

  3. Soil mulching

  4. Weathering


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The surface layer of land is called as soil. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of the Earth's surface layers. Top soil is soft and light and can be carried away easily. Water and wind cause the topsoil to be removed. This process of carrying of top soil by wind and water is called as soil erosion. 

Which of the following should be increased to prevent soil erosion?

  1. Flow of water

  2. Green areas

  3. Deforestation

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Trees keep the soil particles bound together. They have roots that extend deep in the soil. The roots of trees hold the soil particles tightly together and prevent their erosion and washing away due to factors like wind, water, rains etc.

So, option B is the correct answer.

Loss of top soil is called as

  1. Corrosion

  2. Washing

  3. Denudation

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Loss of the top layer of soil is called soil erosion. it is due to a variety of factors like rapidly flowing wind, water etc. 

So, none of the given options is true.

Which of the following bind the soil together?

  1. Trees

  2. Pond

  3. River

  4. Layers of the soil


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Roots of trees hold the soil particles and prevent their loss. When trees are cut on a large scale land becomes barren. This results in the loss of upper soil layer due to heavy wind or flowing water leading to soil erosion. Hence afforestation prevents soil erosion. Thus the correct answer is option A.  

How does seeding of areas help in reducing soil erosion?

  1. By allowing flow of water

  2. By collecting runoff water

  3. By avoiding water

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

What prevents soil erosion?

  1. Allowing herbivorous animals to graze excessively

  2. Growing plants to form the soil cover

  3. Increasing fertility

  4. Making the land sloppy


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Soil erosion is the loss of the fertile soil due to an absence of plants which can hold the soil. 
  • The roots of the plants allow the soil to be held due to the presence of water. In deforestation, there is the cutting or the removal of plants. 
  • Due to which the water present in the soil gets evaporated resulting in a barren land. 
  • This barren land is prone to soil erosion which results in the loss of the upper layer of the soil.

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Soil erosion can be reduced by

  1. Grazing cattle

  2. Deforestation

  3. Using renewable resources

  4. Contour ploughing

  5. Increasing biodiversity


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Grazing cattle can promote soil erosion because as the cattle eat the vegetation, the soil particles loosen and can be easily carried away by wind, water etc.
B. Deforestation leads to soil erosion because roots of the plants held the soil particles tightly and if there will be no trees, the soil particles will be loosened and can be easily carried away by wind or water.
C. Using renewable resources has no effect on soil erosion as renewable sources are the sources that can be replenished naturally over a period of time.
D. Contour ploughing is the ploughing of land according to its contour or slope to prevent soil erosion.
E. Increasing biodiversity will promote soil erosion as more organisms will be there which will feed on vegetation and this will cause the same effect as that of grazing cattle.
Hence, soil erosion can be reduced by Contour Ploughing.
So, the correct answer is 'Contour ploughing'.

Soil erosion can be checked by

  1. Wind screen alone

  2. Restricted human activity

  3. Checking movement of animals

  4. Good plant cover


Correct Option: A

Uniform soil erosion by running water is

  1. Gully erosion

  2. Rill erosion

  3. Riparian erosion

  4. Sheet erosion


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Soil erosion is removal of top soil by agency of water (water erosion) and wind (wind erosion). Soil erosion is of two types- natural and anthropogenic. 

Natural or geological erosion is extremely slow removal of top soil due to rain water or wind. 
Anthropogenic soil erosion is caused by removal of plant cover through over grazing, litter collection, tree felling, leaving the soil unprotected during agricultural operations. 
Sheet erosion means removal of extremely thin layer or sheet of soil. It is caused by detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact and their removal downslope by water flowing overland as a sheet (instead of flowing in definite channels or rills). 

Removal of soil by the action of wind and water is known as

  1. Soil erosion

  2. Soil conservation

  3. Salination

  4. Calcification


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

(a) Top soil is the vital part of the soil and serves as the chief source of nutrition for plants. Loss or disturbance of top soil by natural agents like water, wind, gravity or ice is called soil erosion.


Soil erosion is more where

  1. Rainfall is high

  2. No rainfall

  3. Low rainfall

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Soil erosion occurs when rainfall is high, because it breaks the soil aggregates causing detachment and displacement of soil particles
So, the correct option is 'Rainfall is high'

Soil transported by air is

  1. Alluvial

  2. Colluvial

  3. Glacial

  4. Eolian


Correct Option: D

Sheet erosion is due to

  1. Fast running rivers

  2. Wind

  3. Heavy rains

  4. Occasional rains


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Sheet erosion is the uniform removal of soil in thin layers by the force of raindrops, heavy rain is responsible for sheet erosion.

So, the correct answer is 'Heavy rains'

In the hills, the soil erosion takes place due to rapid flow of rain water. It can be most effectively controlled by.

  1. Channel sing the water

  2. Terrace cultivation

  3. Jhum cultivation

  4. Building dikes


Correct Option: A

In our country, large patches of forests are being cleared for cultivation of crops. The environmental impact of such a practice will lead to

  1. Soil erosion

  2. Soil conservation

  3. Soil pollution

  4. Soil fertility


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Soil erosion is washing away or blowing away the top layer of the soil. Plants in the forests are big and are present near to each other. During rain or wind, forest plants prevent the top layer of soil to be cleared. These plants keep the soil intact within their roots and do not let it to blow or washed away. But when such plants are cleared, nothing stops the wind or water to blow away or wash away the top soil layer. This leads to soil erosion. 

Which one of the following erosion processes is a natural process?

  1. Geological erosion

  2. Accelerated erosion

  3. Gully erosion

  4. Rill erosion


Correct Option: A
Explanation:
New soils can be formed through the slow weathering of the parent rock material, and from the deposition of air-borne or waterborne sediments. Under normal climate conditions, and with natural ground cover, soil erosion can often balance out with the rate of soil production. This is called natural, or geological erosion. Unfortunately, these geologic processes are very slow and are often overshadowed by the activities of man.
So the correct option is 'geological erosion'.

 

Farm land tends to erode most rapidly when planted with

  1. Wheat

  2. Potato

  3. Saccharum

  4. Clover


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Farm land tends to erode more rapidly when continuously planted with sugarcane, as sugarcane requires high moisture and organic content. As the amount of moisture and organic content decreases the top layers of soil can be easily eroded by wind or water

So, the correct answer is 'Saccharum'

The best way to check soil erosion is by providing adequate trees and

  1. Grass cover

  2. Manure

  3. Water

  4. Sand


Correct Option: A

Material produced by weathering accumulates in

  1. Sedimentary Rocks

  2. Depositional basins

  3. Basins

  4. Igneous rocks


Correct Option: B

Removal of the soil by the action of wind and water is known as 

  1. Erosion

  2. Fossilization

  3. Leaching

  4. Calcification


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The top layer of the soil is the vital component, since all the nutrients required by plants are present in this layer. The loss of topsoil or disturbance of soil structure is known as soil erosion or land erosion. Water erosion is the removal of soil from the lands surface by running water, including runoff from melted snow and ice. Soil erosion by wind is common in dry arid regions where soil is chiefly sandy and the vegetation is very poor or even absent. Fossilization is the alteration of an organism's remains, impressions or activities by physical, biological or chemical changes retaining the original material in some form. Leaching is the process of extracting minerals from a solid by dissolving them in a liquid, either in nature or through an industrial process. Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

To prevent soil erosion, a farmer plants a hedge across a field. This method works because

  1. The hedge prevents the soil from direct impact of rainwater.

  2. The roots of plants prevent the soil erosion.

  3. The hedge absorbs minerals from the soil, which makes it most compact.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The vetiver grass is grown as a narrow hedge row across the slope of the land that slows down rainfall runoff velocity and filters out soil particles. The vetiver hedges can block the passage of soil. They can keep topsoil on site and, over time, retard most surface erosion. Hedges of this deeply rooted perennial are capable of catching eroded soil and helping to build up terraces that stabilize the site. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Soil erosion by wind brings about the serious damage in soil by changing the__________

  1. Soil permeability

  2. Soil structure

  3. Soil texture

  4. Soil plasticity


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
  • Surface texture is the best key to wind erosion protection. Very fine soil particles are carried high into the air by the wind and transported great distances (suspension). 
  • Fine-to-medium size soil particles are lifted a short distance into the air and drop back to the soil surface, damaging crops and dislodging more soil (saltation). 
  • Larger-sized soil particles that are too large to be lifted off the ground are dislodged by the wind and roll along the soil surface (surface creep). The abrasion that results from windblown particles breaks down stable surface aggregates and further increases the soil erodibility.

Arrange the following in the descending order of their role in soil erosion
(I) Wind erosion
(ii) Chemical degradation
(iii) Physical degradation
(iv) Water erosion

  1. iv $\rightarrow$ i $\to$ ii $\to$ iii

  2. iv $\to$ ii $\to$ iii $\to$ i

  3. $\to$ ii $\to$ iii $\to$ iv

  4. iv $\to$ iii $\to$ ii $\to$ i


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Water erosion is when the flowing water carries away the soil with it.This amounts for the largest amount of soil erosion. Wind erosion is when the blowing wind carries the soil with it. physical degradation is a gradual process of many steps beginning from structural deterioration and ending in the differential loss of finer particles through erosion. Physical degradation is a gradual process in which the soil is broken down into finer particles. Chemical degradation mainly consists of soil pollution and acidification. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Arrange the following in descending order of their role in soil erosion.
(i) Wind erosion

(ii) Chemical degradation 
(ii) Physical degradation 
(iv) Water erosion

  1. i, ii, iii, iv

  2. iv, i, ii, iii

  3. iv, iii, ii, i

  4. iv, ii, iii, i


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Soil erosion is the process of wearing of upper layer of soil by the natural physical forces such as water and wind or by farming activities. Water erosion and wind erosion are the two major physical forces which play an important role in soil erosion. The farming activities include chemical and physical degradation. Use of pesticides leads to soil erosion. Physical degradation such as cutting of trees leads to soil erosion.

Thus, the correct answer is 'iv, i, ii, iii.'

Soil carried by gravity is

  1. Alluvial

  2. Eluvial

  3. Colluvial

  4. Glacial


Correct Option: C

Which soil is red in colour?

  1. Multani soil

  2. Shadu soil

  3. Terracotta soil

  4. Kaolin (china clay)


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Terracotta soil is red in colour.
Kaolin (china clay)  is white in colour.
Shadu soil is whitish in colour.

In which of the following soil the ratio of large particles are high?

  1. Clayey soil

  2. Sandy soil

  3. Muddy soil

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

In sandy soil, the ratio of large particles are high as the sand is the large particle in soil than the clay and slit. So in sandy soil sand particles are more
Hence option B is correct.

Which of the following characteristic property of clay soil make it useful to grow plants?

  1. Retain water and moisture

  2. Do not retain water and moisture

  3. Holds lot of sand

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The particles size is very tiny and they are compact thereby retaining water and moisture, which helps the plants to grow well.

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