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Measurement of national income - class-XI

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Are the following statements true or false? Give reasons.
Production of services for self-consumption are not included in national income. 

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Such services are not included in national income as It is difficult to ascertain their market value and they are not rendered for earning income. 

When planned savings is less than planned investment, then: 

  1. national income is likely to fall

  2. there will be no change in national income

  3. national income is likely to rise

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: A

In small sector net value added is estimated by ________.

  1. income method

  2. expenditure method

  3. production method

  4. survey method


Correct Option: A

In which case, net income from abroad need to be added separately under the income method?

  1. If national income is calculated from incomes received by people

  2. If national income is calculated from data regarding incomes paid out by producers

  3. In both above methods, added separately

  4. In neither of the above methods, added separately


Correct Option: B

Transfer incomes are ___________ national income.

  1. included in

  2. excluded from

  3. sometimes included, sometimes excluded

  4. none of above


Correct Option: B

Income method considers _________.

  1. only primary factors of production

  2. only secondary factors of production

  3. both (a) and (b)

  4. none of above


Correct Option: A

Expenditure on foreign financial assets is included in national income under the expenditure method on ________.

  1. gross basis

  2. net basis

  3. real time basis

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B

Aggregate of factor incomes of all the factors of production of all the producing units form the subject matter of _______.

  1. Value Added Method

  2. Income method

  3. Expenditure Method

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: B

Goods produced in preceding periods are ___________ national income under expenditure method.

  1. excluded from

  2. included from

  3. no specific rule

  4. none of above


Correct Option: A

Expenditure on raw materials and intermediate goods and services is ___________ national income.

  1. excluded from

  2. included from

  3. no specific rule

  4. none of above


Correct Option: A

Net National Expenditure can also be calculated as __________.

  1. Gross National Expenditure $-$ Replacement expenditure

  2. Gross National Expenditure $+$ Replacement expenditure

  3. Gross National Expenditure $-$ depreciation

  4. Gross National Expenditure $+$ depreciation


Correct Option: C

Under the expenditure method _________.

  1. expenditure on financial assets which are produced and owned within the country is excluded

  2. expenditure on financial assets of foreign countries is included

  3. both above are true

  4. none is true


Correct Option: C

For developed economies which of the following methods is most suitable?

  1. Value Added Method

  2. Income Method

  3. Expenditure Method

  4. Product Method


Correct Option: B

These days, an increasing proportion of national income is being measured by _______.

  1. Value Added Method

  2. Income Method

  3. Expenditure Method

  4. Product Method


Correct Option: C

Gini co-efficient is used for measuring poverty in _____________ sense.

  1. absolute

  2. relative

  3. gross

  4. net


Correct Option: B

In India, poverty is measured in ___________ terms.

  1. absolute

  2. relative

  3. both

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is true?

  1. Gross national expenditure $=$ consumption expenditure $+$ net domestic investment $+$ net foreign investment $+$ Replacement expenditure

  2. Net National Expenditure $=$ Gross National Expenditure $-$ Replacement investment

  3. Net domestic expenditure $=$ consumption expenditure $+$$ net domestic investment

  4. All of the above are true


Correct Option: D

In countries like India, in practice _________.

  1. contributions of different sectors are calculated by different methods

  2. one consistent method is used

  3. both above are true depending upon facts and circumstances

  4. none of above is true


Correct Option: A

When poverty is not related to income or consumption expenditure, it is ___________.

  1. absolute

  2. relative

  3. below poverty line

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: A

India's per capita income is showing a year on year ___________.

  1. increase

  2. decrease

  3. constant

  4. none of above


Correct Option: A

The production method of calculating national income is also known as _________.

  1. income method

  2. subtraction method

  3. value added method

  4. repeated distribution method


Correct Option: C

Inter linked phases of product method is also known as:

  1. Net output method

  2. Net outflow method

  3. Gross outflow method

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A

Income method focuses on measurement of national income at _________.

  1. phase of income disposition

  2. phase of income distribution

  3. phase of production of goods and services

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: B

If the national income is measured as an aggregate value of all final goods and services produced by all the firms it is called _______.

  1. Product Method

  2. Income Method

  3. Expenditure Method

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

National income is measured as an aggregate value of all final goods and services produced by all the firms it is called product method.

Product method: in this method national income is measured as money value of all final goods and services produced in an economy during a year. Final goods here refer to those goods which are directly consumed and not used in further production process.

Which of the following poses a problem in calculating national income?

  1. Public Services

  2. Price Changes

  3. Wages and Salaries paid in Kind

  4. All the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

There are few difficulties associated with calculation of national income which include

  • Public Services
  • Price changes
  • Wages and salaries paid in kind

Apart from these the other problems involved are

  • Lack of Adequate Data
  • Non-availability of Reliable Information
  • Choice of Method
  • Double Counting

The method used to calculate the income by adding all the expenditures on the purchase of final goods and services produced during an accounting year is __________.

  1. Product Method

  2. Income Method

  3. Expenditure Method

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The method used to calculate the income by adding all the expenditures on the purchase of final goods and services produced during an accounting year is called expenditure method

Expenditure method: national income is measured as a flow of expenditure. Includes sum total of private consumption expenditure. Government consumption expenditure, gross capital formation (Government and private) and net exports (Export-Import).

The national income estimation is the responsibility of _______.

  1. NSSO

  2. Central Statistical Office

  3. Finance Ministry

  4. National Income Committee


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Central statistical organisation is responsible for statistical activities in India. The CSO was set up in the cabinet secretariat on 2 May 1951.

The national income estimation is the responsibility of central statistical office.

Which of the following method uses adding up of factor payments received during a year to calculate national income?

  1. Product Method

  2. Income Method

  3. Expenditure Method

  4. Value added Method


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Income method uses adding up of factor payments received during a year to calculate national income.

Income method: according to this method income is measured as flow of factors income. There are generally four factors of production labour, capital, land and entrepreneurship. Labour gets wages and salaries, capital gets interest, land gets rent and entrepreneurship gets profit as their remuneration.

Which of the following is not included in expenditure method of calculating national income?

  1. Net exports

  2. Private final consumption expenditure

  3. Government final consumption expenditure

  4. Expenditure on second hand goods


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Expenditure method: national income is measured as a flow of expenditure. Includes sum total of private consumption expenditure. Government consumption expenditure, gross capital formation (Government and private) and net exports (Export-Import).

It does not include expenditure on second hand goods.

Which of the following is included in factor payments?

  1. Rent and also royalty

  2. Interest

  3. Profits

  4. All the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Factor payments include Interest, Profits, Rent and also royalty

There are generally four factors of production labour, capital, land and entrepreneurship. Labour gets wages and salaries, capital gets interest, land gets rent and entrepreneurship gets profit as their remuneration.

Income disposal method is also called as _________.

  1. product method

  2. income method

  3. expenditure method

  4. value added method


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Expenditure method is also called as income disposal method

Expenditure method: National income is measured as a flow of expenditure. Includes sum total of private consumption expenditure. Government consumption expenditure, gross capital formation (Government and private) and net exports (Export-Import).

Suppose that a firm had an unsold stock worth of Rs 100 at the beginning of a year. During the year it had produced Rs 1,000 worth of goods and managed to sell Rs 800 worth of goods. Calculate inventory for the year ___________.

  1. 100

  2. 200

  3. 300

  4. 400


Correct Option: C

A sum of money paid regularly (typically annually) by a company to its shareholders out of its profits (or reserves) is called __________.

  1. profits

  2. taxes

  3. dividends

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A sum of money paid regularly (typically annually) by a company to its shareholders out of its profits (or reserves) is called a dividend

A dividend is a distribution of a portion of a company's earnings, decided by the board of directors, to a class of its shareholders. Dividends can be issued as cash payments, as shares of stock, or other property.

The National Income is equal to __________.

  1. NNP - Subsidies + Taxes

  2. NNP - Indirect Taxes + Subsidies

  3. NNP - Direct Taxes + Subsidies

  4. GNP - Subsidies + Taxes


Correct Option: B
Explanation:


The phrase at factor cost is to be contrasted with the phrase at market prices.

Goods produced are sold at market prices which include the indirect taxes imposed by the Government. Indirect taxes are levied on commodities, such as excise duty on beer and cloth, etc.

Thus, the market value of the national product exceeds the income paid to the factors of production by the amount of indirect taxes. Hence, net national income at factor cost shows the income actually received by the factors of production.

On the other hand, a subsidy causes the market price to be less than the factor cost. The subsidy is an aid in money.

.’. NNI at Factor Cost = NNPat MP plus Subsidies minus Indirect Taxes.

National Income may be determined through ________.

  1. Income Approach

  2. Expenditure Approach

  3. Output Approach

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The national income of a country can be measured by three alternative methods:
(i) Product Method
(ii) Income Method,
(iii) Expenditure Method. 

National Income of a country can be calculated by_______.

  1. $2$ methods

  2. $3$ methods

  3. $4$ methods

  4. $5$ methods


Correct Option: B
Explanation:
National Income is the total value of all services and goods that are produced within a country and the income that comes from abroad for a particular period, normally one year.
National income can be computed by three methods:
1) Value-Added Method by classifying Production Units in an economy as Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors.
2)Income Method - on the basis of the combination of individuals and households indulged in different kinds of factors of production.
3)Final Expenditure Method - on the basis of a collection of units used for consumption, saving, and investment.

Which of the following are the methods for measuring National Income?

  1. The Product or Value Added Method

  2. Expenditure Method

  3. Income Method

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Total revenue $\div$ Number of units sold $=$ ____________.

  1. Average revenue

  2. Average cost

  3. Marginal cost

  4. Total cost


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Average means value derived by way of dividing the total value by the total number of units. Whenever any goods are sold or services are provided to any consumer then amount so received from the consumer is termed as revenue or receipts.

Therefore Total revenue / Number of Units sold gives Average Revenue.

________ income in excluded in the calculation of net income.

  1. Factor

  2. Portable

  3. Movable

  4. Transfer


Correct Option: D

Income from sale of second hand property should be included in national income.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

Unpaid service should be _____ in the estimate of net income.

  1. excluded

  2. included

  3. nullified

  4. added


Correct Option: A

Expenditure method is ________ used to calculate national income.

  1. widely

  2. rarely

  3. broadly

  4. always


Correct Option: B

Positive net foreign income from broad brings an increases in national income.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

With an increase in income savings naturally ________.

  1. decreases

  2. increases

  3. becomes zero

  4. constant


Correct Option: B

The income of the government through all sources is called public _________.

  1. money

  2. income

  3. debt

  4. revenue


Correct Option: D

Given Real GDP 9% and rate of inflation 2.25%, the norminal GDP will be ___.

  1. 9%

  2. 11.25%

  3. 6.75%

  4. 8%


Correct Option: B

"Determination of wage rate, distribution of national income" was the theory given by?

  1. Adam smith

  2. A. marshall

  3. Ricardo

  4. Pigon


Correct Option: B

For studying the various national income components it is required that data should be collected on _______________.

  1. Expenditure

  2. Investments

  3. Income

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

The net values added (NVA) method of measuring national income is also known as ______.

  1. net output method

  2. production method

  3. industry of origin method

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The NVA method of measuring national income is also known as net output method, production method and industry of origin method.

Identify the items which is not a factor payment.

  1. Free uniform to defense personnel

  2. Salaries to the members of Parliament

  3. Imputed rent of an owner occupied building

  4. Scholarship given to the scheduled caste students


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Factors payments are those payments, which are made to factors of production e.g. rent, interest, profit, wages etc. Scholarships given to the scheduled caste students is not a factor payment, it is a transfer payment and it will not be included in national income.

If Willingness to Save is less, the level of ________ will be higher.

  1. Government regulated Savings

  2. Compulsory Savings

  3. Forced Savings

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

Expenditure Method focusses on measurement of National Income at _____________________.

  1. phase of Production of Goods and Services

  2. phase of Income Distribution

  3. phase of Income Disposition

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: C

_________ method is suitable for measuring National Income in the case of Agricultural sector.

  1. Product

  2. Income

  3. Expenditure

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A

Income method focusses on measurement of National Income at ______________________.

  1. phase of Production of Goods and Services

  2. phase of Income Distribution

  3. phase of Income Disposition

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: B

The production method of calculating national income is also known as _______________.

  1. value added method

  2. income method

  3. expenditure method

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: A

National income may be computed under _________ method.

  1. product

  2. income

  3. expenditure

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: D

NNP at factor cost in 2010-11 was __________.

  1. Rs. 20,41,776 crore

  2. Rs. 42,60,000 crore

  3. Rs. 27,64,795 crore

  4. Rs. 21,40,536 crore


Correct Option: B

The three methods of computing national income are ___________.

  1. production, outlay and income methods

  2. balance of payments, income and consumption methods

  3. savings, investment and income methods

  4. outlay, depreciation and product methods


Correct Option: A

Mixed income of the self employed means __________.

  1. gross profits received by proprietors

  2. rent, interest and profit of an enterprise

  3. combined factor payments, which are not distinguishable

  4. wages due to family workers


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Mixed income of the self employed means combined factor payments of rent, wages, interest and profits received by the self-employed professional, which are not distinguishable.

Product Method focuses on measurement of National Income at _______________.

  1. phase of Production of Goods and Services

  2. phase of Income Distribution

  3. phase of Income Disposition

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: A

Net National product (NNP) at factor cost was ________ in 1950-51.

  1. Rs. 92,367 crore

  2. Rs. 1,02,367 crore

  3. Rs. 1,22,367 crore

  4. Rs. 2,04,924 crore


Correct Option: D

___________ method is suitable for measuring National Income in the case Small Scale Sector.

  1. Product

  2. Income

  3. Expenditure

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B

Value Added Method is used to measure _______________.

  1. national income

  2. domestic income

  3. gross income

  4. personal income


Correct Option: A

Which of the following items are included in computing National Income under Income Method?

  1. Transfer Incomes

  2. Illegal Incomes

  3. Incomes earned by Owners of Primary Factors of Production

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C

_____________ method is suitable for measuring National Income in the case of Developed Countries where all persons file their income-tax returns.

  1. Product

  2. Income

  3. Expenditure

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: B

Which of the following items are included in computing National Income under Product Method?

  1. Own account production of Fixed Assets by Government,Enterprises and Households

  2. Production for Self-Consumption,

  3. Imputed Rent of owner-occupied houses

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

The annual flow of Factor Earnings in the form of Wages,Rents,Interests and Profits accrued from Labour, Land, Capital and Organization respectively are taken into account  in which of the following approaches to measuring National Income?

  1. Income Approach

  2. Expenditure Approach

  3. Product Approach

  4. All the approaches consider Factor Earnings


Correct Option: A

_____________ method is suitable for measuring National Income in the case of construction sector.

  1. Product

  2. Income

  3. Expenditure

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: C

In which of the following approaches is National Income measured by calculating the Total Value of the Final Output of a country?

  1. Income Approach

  2. Product Approach

  3. Expenditure Approach

  4. No such measures exist, where final output of a country is considered for measuring National Income


Correct Option: B

The Net Values Added method of measuring National Income is also known as ______________.

  1. Net Output Method

  2. Production Method

  3. Industry of Origin Method

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D

______________ method is also called Value Added Method of computing National Income.

  1. Product

  2. Income

  3. Expenditure

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is /are NOT included in the national income estimation by income method?
(i)  Mixed income
(ii) Royalty
(iii) Rent
(iv) Profit

  1. Only (i)

  2. Only (i) and (ii)

  3. Only (ii) and (iv)

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: D

Under Expenditure Method, Consumption Expenditure + Net Domestic Investment + Net Foreign Investment equals _____________.

  1. Gross Domestic Expenditure

  2. Gross National Expenditure

  3. Net Domestic Expenditure

  4. Net National Expenditure


Correct Option: D

Under Expenditure Method, Consumption Expenditure + Net Domestic Investment equals _____________.

  1. Gross Domestic Expenditure

  2. Gross National Expenditure

  3. Net Domestic Expenditure

  4. Net National Expenditure


Correct Option: C

Income Method does not include _____________.

  1. rent

  2. mixed incomes

  3. pensions

  4. all of the above


Correct Option: C

Net Value Added is equal to _____________________.

  1. Payments accruing to Factors of Production

  2. Compensation to Employees

  3. Wages plus Rent plus Imputed Rent

  4. Value of Output minus Depreciation


Correct Option: A

The three methods of calculating national income measure __________.

  1. the same thing from different angle

  2. different thing from different angle

  3. different thing at the same angle

  4. the same thing from the same angle


Correct Option: A

In which sector, expenditure method is used in India for calculating national income?

  1. Agriculture sector

  2. Mining sector

  3. Construction sector

  4. Transportation sector

Correct Option: C

Under expenditure Method, Consumption Expenditure + Net Domestic Investment + Replacement Expenditure equals ______________.

  1. Gross Domestic Expenditure

  2. Gross National Expenditure

  3. Net Domestic Expenditure

  4. Net National Expenditure


Correct Option: A

'Distributed Profits' is also known as: 

  1. Corporate Tax

  2. Dividend

  3. Retained Earnings

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B

National income is the sum of factor incomes accruing to: 

  1. country

  2. Economic territory

  3. Residents

  4. Both residents and non-residents


Correct Option: C

Sale of second hand machines is ____________ in Value Added Method.

  1. included

  2. excluded

  3. sometimes included and sometimes excluded

  4. none of above


Correct Option: B

The most appropriate measure of a country's economic growth is ________.

  1. GDP

  2. NDP

  3. Per capita income

  4. GNP


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The most appropriate measure of a country's economic growth is per capita income

Per capita income is the average income earned by a person in the specified year.

The growth in the Gross Value Added at basic prices for 2015-16 from manufacturing sector is estimated to be ________.

  1. 9.5%

  2. 10%

  3. 11.55

  4. 12%


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Manufacturing sector is nothing but Secondary sector which deals with manufactured goods. It includes those sectors which produce finished or usable goods. It takes up raw material from primary sectors like agriculture and produce goods which are ready to use or export.

The growth in the Gross Value Added at basic prices for 2015-16 from manufacturing sector is estimated to be 9.5%

Which of the following is a true statement?

i. National income refers to the income of individuals of a country

ii.The income at their disposal after paying direct taxes is called disposable income

 

  1. a. i only

  2. b. ii only

  3. c. both

  4. d. none


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Both the given statements are true which says that

National income refers to the income of individuals of a country

The income at their disposal after paying direct taxes is called disposable income

_______ is the wealthiest Indian state which accounts for 12% of the Indian GDP.

  1. Tamil Nadu

  2. Kerala

  3. Maharashtra

  4. Karnataka


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Wealthiest Indian state which accounts for 12% of the Indian GDP is Maharashtra. The best facilities like transport, trade etc. including a port has contributed to the immense development of the state.

Mumbai the capital of Maharashtra state is the business capital of India 

To avoid double counting we deduct the value of  ________.

  1. final goods

  2. intermediate goods

  3. raw material

  4. none of the above


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Intermediate goods are those goods which are partly finished and are used in the process of production of another goods.

As the intermediate goods are used again in the production of another good, counting the value of these goods may result in double counting. That is why value of intermediate goods are not taken while calculating national income.

There is no possibility of double counting while estimating national income.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B

National income at constant price is an estimate on the basis of base prices.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A

Distribution of Income and Wealth is measured in terms of ____________.

  1. Real GDP Per Capita

  2. Standard of Living

  3. Fiscal Deficit

  4. Gini Index


Correct Option: D

One of the problems in correctly estimating national income in India is _____________.

  1. low savings

  2. inflation

  3. under-employment

  4. self-consumption


Correct Option: D

Which of the following equations is correct?

  1. Value at Factor Cost plus Indirect Taxes minus Subsidies = Value at Market Prices

  2. Value at Factor Cost minus Indirect Taxes minus Subsidies = Value at Market Prices

  3. Value at Factor Cost plus Indirect Taxes plus Subsidies = Value at Market Prices

  4. Value at Factor Cost minus Indirect Taxes plus Subsidies = Value at Market Prices


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is not a problem in the estimation of India's national income?

  1. Rapid industrialization

  2. Non-monetised consumption

  3. Illiterate people

  4. People holding multiple jobs


Correct Option: A

Which of the following items are-not included in estimating National income?

  1. Salary income of artists, dancers and singers.

  2. Income of smugglers.

  3. Payments to farm workers in foodgrains.

  4. Payments of bank interest for capital borrowed.


Correct Option: B
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