Bioenergy - class-IX
Description: bioenergy | |
Number of Questions: 88 | |
Created by: Sharvani Hegde | |
Tags: biology biotechnology and genetic engineering evs - i rules are for everyone commercial applications plants in daily life bioenergy natural resources depletion of resources |
The commonest source of bioenergy is
-
Gobar gas
-
Charcoal
-
Fuel wood
-
Wood gas
Energy plantation is
-
Growing starch/ sugar rich plants
-
Growing latex rich plants
-
Growing fuel wood trees
-
Growing fruit plants
Gasohol contains
-
$50-60\%$ alcohol
-
$10-15\%$ alcohol
-
$30-40\%$ alcohol
-
$80-90\%$ alcohol
Which one is not a petrocrop?
-
Euphorbia lathyrus
-
Calotrophis Procera
-
Jatropha
-
Hardwickia binata
Petroleum yielding plants belong to
-
Euphorbiaceae
-
Apocynaceae
-
Asclepiadaceae
-
All of the above
Fuel wood required per person per day is
-
$0.36$kg
-
$30$kg
-
$10$kg
-
$1$kg
Maximum alcohol production per hectare of crop is from
-
Potato
-
Sugracane
-
Sugarbeet
-
Tapioca
The amount of alcohol production per hectare of given crop is:
Potato - 396 gallons
Sugarcane - 662 gallons
Sugarbeet - 714 gallons
Tapioca - 410 gallons
Hence, maximum alcohol production is by sugarbeet.
So, the correct answer is 'Sugarbeet'.
Biodiesel is obtained from
-
Jatropha biloba
-
Cedrus deodara
-
Jatropha curcas
-
None of these
The plant which is not a component of energy cropping is
-
Sugarcane
-
Sugarbeet
-
Tapioca
-
Euphorbia
Product obtained from which family can be alternative to liquid fuel?
-
Asclepiadaceae
-
Leguminosae
-
Solanaceae
-
Liliaceae
Oil, coal and natural gas constitute
-
Metals
-
Renewable resource
-
Fossil fuels
-
None of the above
Oil, coal & natural gas comes under the category of fossil fuels which is non-renewable source of energy.
Which one contains hydrocarbons similar to those of petroleum?
-
Tannin
-
Starch
-
Latex
-
Resin
Producer gas is used for
-
Manufacture of ammonia
-
Industrial fuel
-
Running certain engines
-
All of the above
Which one is being tried in India as biofuel substitute for fossil fuels?
-
Jatropha
-
Musa
-
Aegilops
-
Azadirachta
Biofuels are the substances which are of biological origin and can be used as a source of energy. Jatropha has been used as a biofuel in India. The seeds of Jatropha contain an inedible oil which can be converted to biodiesel. The seed cake (residue left extraction of oil from seeds) can be used as fertilizer or food for cattle. The biodiesel of Jatropha oil emits 80% less carbon dioxide on burning than other fuels. So, the correct answer is 'Jatropha'.
L.P.G. is
-
Low price gas
-
Fossil fuel
-
Low pressure gas
-
Biogas
L.P.G. stands for liquified petroleum gas which is prepared by compressing natural gas and is derived from fossil fuel sources.
Jatropha is a
-
Biodiesel crop
-
Biopetrol crop
-
Fibre crop
-
Food crop
A bad firewood is that of
-
Dalbergia
-
Bauhinia
-
Lagersroemia
-
Terminalia
Which should be used for production of bioethanol?
-
Brassica
-
Zea mays
-
Jatropha
-
Pongamia
Which of the following is the most important conventional natural source of energy?
-
Atomic energy
-
Biogas
-
Sunlight
-
Fossil fuels
Conventional source of energy is a type of source which is limited in nature like coal, gas, fuel, minerals etc. they take millions of years to replenish.
Which of the following is the way to control vehicular air-pollution in Indian cities ?
-
Use of CNG as fuel
-
Use of unleaded petrol in the vehicles
-
Use of catalytic converter in the vehicles
-
All of these
- CNG produces 45% fewer hydrocarbons than gasoline.
- Unleaded petrol doesn't produce lead in the atmosphere.
- Catalytic converter reduces emissions of three harmful compounds found in car exhaust which are
- Carbon monoxide (a poisonous gas)
- Nitrogen oxides (a cause of smog and acid rain)
- Hydrocarbons (a cause of smog)
- So, the correct option is 'All of these'.
Lignite is a
-
Gaseous fossil fuel
-
Liquid fossil fuel
-
Solid fossil fuel
-
Inorganic mineral
Green fuel is:-
-
Leaded petrol
-
Unleaded petrol
-
Gasohol
-
Low sulphur diesel
Green fuel, also known as Green Petrol, is a type of fuel distilled from plants and animal materials, believed by some to be more environmentally friendly than the widely-used fossil fuels that power most of the world. It contains low amount of sulphur. So the above selected option is correct
Petrol is known as gasoline in
-
U.S.A.
-
U.K.
-
Parts of India
-
All of the above
Petrol is short term for "refined petroleum or distillate petroleum" In American English, it is called "Gasoline" which is commonly shortened for"gas". It has become popular as the trade name of petrol in the U.S. While UK and India or its part thereof it is called petrol ( British English).
Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
-
Petroleum
-
Wood
-
Cow dung
-
Dry leaves
Fossil fuel is a general term for buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants and animals that have been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years.
What can we observe if petrol gets finished ?
-
Less vehicles on roads
-
Less trees around us
-
Less water around us
-
More vehicles on roads.
If petrol is not there for use, we will be using alternative methods like CNG etc , but they are also limited . So there will be decrease in vehicle use.
Biodiesel is obtained from
-
Jatropha
-
Cedrus
-
Eicchornia
-
Opuntia
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl or propyl) esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters.
Which one of the following can be used in place of petrol?
-
Ethanol
-
Butanol
-
Propanol
-
Methanol
Natural gas that was formed from ancient prehistoric forests is called
-
Fossil fuels
-
Petroleum
-
Gobar gas
-
LPG
Fossil fuels are
-
Conventional resources
-
Non-conventional resources
-
Non-renewable resources
-
Both A and C
- Conventional sources of energy are generally non-renewable sources of energy as the accumulation or creation of conventional sources of energy takes years, once they are exploited or consumed.
- Fossil fuels are an example of conventional resources. Petrol, diesel, coal, natural gas, etc are examples of fossil fuels that are obtained by the microbial action on the dead matter for a long time.
- They are used as a source of fuel and energy from ancient times and it takes years to form once they are exploited.
Which of the following is not included in fossil fuel?
-
Natural gas
-
Coal
-
LPG
-
None of the above
LPG is liquified petroleum gas. Natural gas is also a fossil fuel. Fossil fuel are non-renewable conventional energy resources found inside the Earth's crust.
Which of the following is/are measures taken for protection of fossil fuel?
-
Gasification of coal
-
CNG
-
Gasohol
-
All of the above
One of the following does not belong to the group
-
Water
-
Forests
-
Petrol
-
Soil
The resources which can be replenished again after their consumption are referred to as the renewable sources of energy. Water is considered as the renewable form of energy. The water reserves can be replenished by the rainfall. Forests are the renewable resource which can be replenished by afforestation. The soil can be replenished by the weathering of the rocks. The petrol is available in limited stocks by the activity of the microbes on the dead matter under the soil.
Ground water will not be depleted due to
-
Afforestation
-
Thermal power plants
-
Loss of forests, decreased rainfall
-
Cropping of high water demanding crops
Oil, coal and naturalgas constitute
-
Renewable source
-
Fossil fuel
-
Eontic fuel
-
None of these
Fossil fuels are the hydrocarbon compounds formed due to the microbial activity on the dead plants and animals. There are different materials which can be referred as the fossil fuels. The coal, natural gas, oil, petrol, diesel are all the components which are obtained from the Earth. These are used as fossil fuels for the production of energy.
LPG cooking gas is
-
Low pressure gas
-
Biogas
-
Fossil fuel
-
Low price gas
Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment and vehicles.
Which of the following is not a forest product?
-
Plywood
-
Sealing wax
-
Kerosene
-
Gum
The products which are obtained from the forests include the wood, gum, resins, tannins, sealing wax, etc. The plywood is the sheet of the wood which is used for furniture and house construction. The sealing wax is obtained from the bugs which live on trees. The gum is obtained from the secretions of the trees. The kerosene is not a forest product which is obtained from the distillation of the fuel from the ground.
Which of the fossil fuel reserves decrease more rapidly in India
-
Natural gas
-
Coal
-
Petrolium
-
All
The process by which the biodiesel are made is known as
-
Incubation
-
Transesterification
-
Coagulation
-
Fermentation
Transesterification is the process of converting vegetable oil, waste cooking oil and animal fats to biodiesel. In this process glyceride reacts with an alcohol to form fatty acid alkyl esters and alcohol.
Jatropha is used for the production of biodiesel because
-
It can be easily grown under harsh condition
-
It is a non-edible oil
-
It is volatile
-
Both A and B
Biodiesel is produced from jatropha oil. Jatropha is used because it is not edible therefore, it will not create problems for humans in terms of food shortage. It also has the ability to withstand drought, naturally, repel pests, and grow in subprime soil and combat soil erosion. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Oil spill prevention and clean up procedures are monitored by
-
Navy officers
-
Environmentalist
-
Coast guards
-
None of the above
Oil spills occur when liquid petroleum is released into the environment by vehicle, vessel or pipeline. It is mostly seen in water bodies. In water bodies, improper oil extraction due to drilling rigs, offshore oil platforms and well result in oil spills. Oil spill prevention and clean up procedures include the use of dispersants to break down the oil, collect oil from the surface of the water using a skimmer or use of biological agents. These procedures are monitored by coast guards. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Leakage of oil tanks and improper oil extraction can cause
-
Biomagnification
-
Oil spills
-
Air pollution
-
None of the above
Oil spills occur when liquid petroleum is released into the environment by vehicle, vessel or pipeline. It is mostly seen in water bodies. Crude oil is released by tankers on land thus leading to oil spills. In water bodies, improper oil extraction due to drilling rigs, offshore oil platforms and well result in oil spills. Thus the correct answer is option B.
Which of the following is fossilized remains of organic materials?
-
Natural gas
-
Petrol
-
Gold
-
Both A and B
Find the odd one out.
-
Bioalcohol
-
Green diesel
-
Bioethers
-
Petroleum
It is possible to extract maximum energy from wood through
-
Biomass
-
Cracking
-
Direct burning
-
Gasification
Gasification is an efficient means of converting low value fuels and residuals into a synthesis gas (or syngas). Syngas is used to produce power, steam, hydrogen, and basic chemicals such as methanol and ammonia.
Cultivation of more fuel wood trees is known as
-
Afforestation
-
Energy plantations
-
Energy cropping
-
Deforestation
Energy plantation means growing selected species of trees and shrubs which are harvestable in a comparably shorter time and are specifically meant for fuel. The fuel wood may be used either directly in wood burning stoves and boilers or processed into methanol, ethanol and producer gas. These plantations help provide wood either for cooking in homes or for industrial use, so as to satisfy local energy needs in a decentralized manner.
The most abundant fossil fuel is
-
Natural gas
-
Petrol
-
Diesel
-
Coal
Which of the following plant species you would select for the production of biodiesel?
-
Brassica
-
Zea mays
-
Pongamia
-
Jatropha
Two major types of biofuels are bioethanol and biodiesel. The former is produced from crops like maize, sugarcane, wheat, sorghum, sugar beet, potato, and the latter from oil-seeds like rapeseed, soybean, palm and Jatropha curcas. Among the biodiesel-yielding plants, Jatropha curcas has attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of the positive energy balance of its oil and its ability to grow in a annual rainfall ranging from 250-3000 mm.
Recently government of India has allowed mixing of alcohol in petrol. What is amount of alcohol permitted for mixing in petrol?
-
2.5%
-
10-15%
-
10%
-
5%
The government of India has mandated blending of 5% of ethanol in petrol in order to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions and also to reduce the import burden on account of crude petroleum from which petrol is produced. The practice of blending ethanol in petrol started in 2001 and as ethanol is a by-product of sugar industry and is expected to be procured at low rates. further, it reduces the petroleum use in transportation and greenhouse gas emissions.
The black wood tree of India is
-
Acacia nilotica
-
Dalbergia sisson
-
Dalbergia latifolia
-
Mangifera indica
Dalbergia latifolia is an economically important timber species native to low elevation tropical monsoon forests of eastern India. Some common names in English are blackwood, bombay blackwood. Wood from Dalbergia latifolia tree is used in premium furniture making and cabinetry, as veneer, as plywood, for outdoor furniture.
An ideal good fuelwood is obtained from
-
Bauhinia racemosa
-
Dalbergia sissoo
-
Michelia excess
-
Mangifera indica
Dalbergia sissoo is a highly valued hardwood timber species, providing an additional income source in agroforestry systems, mostly in India and Pakistan. The establishment of D. sissoo plantations for wood production can be an attractive proposition in economic terms. Most plantations are managed primarily for timber, with fuelwood as a secondary product. For fuelwood production in short rotations, several other species may give higher financial returns.
Which one of the following is being utilized as a source of biodiesel in the Indian countryside?
-
Euphorbia
-
Beetroot
-
Sugracane
-
Pongarnia
Jatropha is a member of the euphorbia family. One of its great selling points as a biofuel is the fact that growing it need not compete with the cultivation of food. The selling point as a bioenergy crop is that it grows in marginal, eroded land, and is resistant to drought.
A petroleum plant is
-
Sugarcane
-
Maize
-
Potato
-
Euphorbia
Petrocrops are plants
-
Grown near oil fields
-
Used in refining crude oil
-
Whose fossil remains formed crude oil
-
From which petrol-like fuels can be derived
Coal has been mainly formed by
-
Bryophytes
-
Pteridophytes
-
Angioperms
-
Algae
- Bryophytes are group of non vascular land plants including hornworts, liverworts and mosses. Peat is a fuel which is produced from dried bryophytes, typically sphagnum. Enormous deposits of peat is accumulated which is later converted into coal.
- Hence coal has been mainly formed by bryophytes.
- So,the correct answer is 'Bryophytes'.
The first petroplant discovered by Calvin was
-
Copaifera longsdorfii
-
Euphorbia lathyrus
-
Jatropha
-
Calotropis
The energy obtained from biological resources is called as
-
Electrical energy
-
Mechanical energy
-
Bioenergy
-
Life energy
Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources. Biomass is any organic material which has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. As a fuel it may include wood, straw, manure, sugarcane, and many other byproducts from a variety of agricultural processes.
One of the country where alcohol has been very successfully used as motor fuel is?
-
U.S.A
-
Brazil
-
Japan
-
Germany
L.P.G. cooking gas is
-
Low pressure gas
-
Biogas
-
Fossil fuel
-
Low price gas
As LPG gas is a fossil fuel, it comes from oil and gas wells. It is obtained by the refining of oil.
Domestic cooking gas cylinder contains
-
Coal gas
-
Liquid petroleum gas
-
Diesel oil
-
Alcohol
- The domestic cooking gas cylinder contains Liquid petroleum gas.
- Its composition is propane or butane or a mixture of both, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.
- So, the correct answer is 'Liquid petroleum gas'.
Gasohol was first used in
-
1970's
-
1980's
-
1940's
-
1800's
Gasoline or petrol is a derivative product of petroleum distillation. The ethanol or ethyl alcohol is produced from fermentation and distillation of grains e.g., corn, barley, wheat. When gasoline is blended with ethanol it becomes Gasohol, the percentage is 90 and 10 respectively. It was first used in Nebraska 1940. It is used as an alternative fuel. Hence the first use of Gasohol was in the 1940s.
Amount of alcohol allowed to be mixed with petrol in India is
-
2.5 %
-
5%
-
10 %
-
10 - 15 %
- Alcohol(ethanol) is mixed with petrol because It enhances the octane contents in the fuel and hence acts as an anti-knocking agent(reduces knocking of the engines).
- Ethanol, when mixed with petrol, reduces the emissions from the vehicles.
- The Amount of alcohol allowed to be mixed with petrol in India is 5%.
- So, the correct answer is '5%'.
Amount of ethanol that can be added in petrol and used in conventional gasoline engines is
-
5-10%
-
10-20%
-
15-25%
-
25-40%
Amount of ethanol that can be added in petrol and used in conventional gasoline engines is about 5% to 10%. This is done because ethanol is a particulate-free burning fuel source. At many gas stations, E10 ethanol is widely used. It is a mixture of 10% ethanol with 90% gasoline.
Fuelwood demand in India is
-
90 million $m^3$
-
150 million $m^3$
-
216 million $m^3$
-
300 million $m^3$
- Fuelwood is a fuel, such as firewood, charcoal, chips, sheets, pellets, and sawdust.
- Fuelwood can is used for cooking and heating, and occasionally for fueling steam engines and steam turbines that generate electricity. It can also be used indoors in a furnace, stove, or fireplace, or outdoors in furnace, campfire, or bonfire.
- In India, Fuelwood demand is about 300 million m3.
- So, the correct answer is '300 million m3'.
Mineral oil is
-
Mustard oil
-
Petroleum
-
Liquefied petroleum gas
-
Palm oil
Which one of the following is not a fossil fue;?
-
uranium
-
coal
-
natural gas
-
petroleum
Revised data for petroleum depletion time is
-
2010
-
2020
-
2030
-
2040
Number one country in the production of gasohol through biotechnology is
__________.
-
China
-
Japan
-
Brazil
-
India
- The most common grains that are used to produce ethanol are corn, barley and wheat. Ethanol is also called ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol.
- It is usually blended with gasoline to create a fuel called gasohol.
- Brazil is the number one country in the production of gasohol through biotechnology.
- Hence, Number one country in the production of gasohol through biotechnology in Brazil.
- So, the correct answer is 'Brazil'.
Unleaded petrol contains _____________ which are known as carcinogenic compounds
-
nitrates
-
sulphates
-
benzene
-
phosphates
Energy resources derived from natural organic materials are called
-
geothermal energy sources
-
fossil fuels
-
biomass
-
all of these
The Jatropha curcas, source of inedible vegetable oil that is used to produce biofuel and which works as a carbon sink is native to which of the following regions of the world?
-
Europe
-
Central Africa
-
Central America
-
South America
who was the first scientist to classify fossils?
-
Friedrich Wilhelm Humboldt
-
Georges Cuvier
-
William Smith
-
Antoina Laurent de Jussieu
Georges Cuvier was a French naturalist and zoologist, known as the "founding father of paleontology".
Petro plants were first identified by ____________.
-
C. Darwin
-
H. Kerbs
-
M. Calvin
-
N. Borlaugh
Dr. M. Calvin of the University of California reported for the first time the collection and use of photosynthetically produced hydrocarbons from the plants . Furthermore, he suggested it as a substitute for conventional petroleum sources.
Along with Jatropha, the seed oil of which among the following plants has been found to be useful in diesel generators being explored in hundreds of projects throughout India and other developing countries as feedstock for biodiesel?
-
Arachis hypogea
-
Pongamia pinnata
-
Butea monosperma
-
Pterocarpus santalinius
The main source of biomass energy is
-
Coal
-
Heat energy
-
Thermal energy
-
Cow-dung
Organic matter that is obtained from living or dead organisms is called as biomass. Biomass energy is a renewable energy source. Coal, heat energy, and thermal energy are all fossil fuels while biomass is a source of energy available from organic matter like plant and animal wastes.
An example of petroleum plant is
-
Zea mays
-
Beta vulgaris
-
Euphorbia lathyris
-
Solanum tuberosum
Gasohol is a _____________.
-
Renewable fuel
-
Non-renewable fuel
-
Newly discovered fossil fuel
-
Combination of renewable and non-renewable resources
The term used for a blend of 10-15% ethanol with petrol is known as ___________.
-
Gasohol
-
Glycol
-
Xylol
-
Hexanol
A- A fuel mixture of 10% ethanol and 90% petrol is known as gasohol or E10. It can be used in most modern automobiles and is also cost effective.
Who is credited with identified petrocrops?
-
M. S. Swaminathan
-
M. Calvin
-
H. Krebs
-
N. Borlaug
Euphorbiaceae serve as the petroplants. Dr. M. Calvin (1979) was the first to collect the hydrocarbons from plants of Euphorbiaceae. He suggested that these can be the renewable substitute for the conventional petroleum sources. Latex of Euphorbia lathyrus contains fairly high percentage of terpenoids. These can be converted into high grade transportation fuel.
The fruit of which of the following plant is capable of producing biodiesel?
-
Ficus
-
Zizyphus
-
Pongamia
-
Jatropha
A) Opuntia Ficus-indica can produce oils in vegetative tissues for biofuel production.
B) Ziziphus mauritiana's seed oil meets all the major biodiesel requirements.
C) Pongamia pinata's seed oil can also be used as a biodiesel.
D) Jatropha curcas fruit is capable of producing biodiesel.
So, the correct answer is 'Jatropha'.
One of the following is not a possible reason for use of CNG in automobiles
-
It can be adulterated
-
It is cheaper than petrol
-
It burns more efficiency
-
It reduces pollution
Compressed natural gas vehicles require a greater amount of space for fuel storage than conventional gasoline-powered vehicles. Since it is a compressed gas, rather than a liquid like gasoline, CNG takes up more space for each GGE (gasoline gallon equivalent). However, the tanks used to store the CNG take up space in the trunk of a car or bed of a pickup truck which has been modified to additionally run on CNG. This problem is solved in factory-built CNG vehicles that install the tanks under the body of the vehicle, leaving the trunk free (e.g., Volkswagen) which sold in countries such as Peru). Another option is installed on the roof (typical on buses), but this could require structural modifications.
The earliest use of petroleum was in
-
Heating
-
Furnace
-
Medicine
-
Production of gas
Sea tides can be used as
-
Sufficient amount of sunlight stored
-
A device to take sun bath
-
An energy source
-
All of the above
Sea tides can be used as a source for generating electricity & in hydroelectric plants, the other options are incorrect and is not related to uses of sea tides.
Fossil fuels have been formed by a
-
Conventional process
-
Natural process
-
Non-conventional process
-
All the above
Fossil fuels are non renewable conventional energy resources found inside earth's crust, where they have been formed through heat and compression on forests and other organic matter buried underneath due to earthquakes, landslides etc.
Wood gas is used as
-
Fuel gas
-
Source of alcohol
-
Source of oil
-
Source of ammonia
Which of the following act as a by-product during biogas production of biodiesel?
-
Ethanol
-
Glycerin
-
Glycerol
-
None of the above
Biodiesel is a type of fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. It is biodegradable and produces fewer air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel. Glycerin is a major byproduct in the process of biodiesel manufacturing. This crude glycerine can be refined into a pure form and then be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Thus the correct answer is option B.
In Brazil, $90\%$ of cars are running on
-
Pure alcohol
-
Pure gasoline
-
Mixture of alcohol and gasoline
-
Diesel
Fossil fuel conservation can include
-
Recycling waste
-
Using alternative energy source
-
Using renewable resources
-
All of the above
Fossil fuel can be conserved by recycling waste, opting alternative sources like solar power that do not contribute to pollution. Because fossil fuel are non-renewable. So, it is important that we should protect them.
This is not a method of saving fuel.
-
Using bicycle
-
Travel in trains instead of cars
-
Using cellphones
-
Drawing of water from wells
There are different steps which can be taken for saving the resources which are used as fuel. Bicycles and use of public transport help to reduce the consumption of fuel like the diesel and petrol. When the water is drawn from wells, this can be performed with hands and the pulley system, without the use of the motor in which there is consumption of fuel. Using the cell phones is not one of the methods which help in saving fuel because it needs electricity to get charged and functional.